Choose two scenes from Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’ Essay

At the outset of this scene, we are able to ascertain due to the careful sculpturing of Shakespeare’s, that Lady Macbeth is a practical kind of women from what is emanated from her soliloquy, who is imbued with an aura of insecurity full of consternation for her husband’s dangerous ploy. She is ever weary of the â€Å"fatal bellman† who would signal the demise of her husband with the â€Å"stern’st goodnight† however here we can see the interwoven theme of death occurring with the allusion to the toll of the bell rung outside the cell of those condemned at Newgate Prison. This would also appeal to those in Jacobean times due to the current fixation with treason and the Gunpowder plot to eradicate the king, serving as a focusing device to grab the audience’s attention. As Lady Macbeth waits, the dramatic tension builds even once Macbeth enters the chamber, as he cries â€Å"who’s there?† At this point, she could be pacing the room, looking apprehensive also in the dark, which would further contribute to the effect when Macbeth enters trying to establish where she is. This would also serve in the general panic of the scene, as Lady Macbeth is held in suspense for the outcome of the murder, the audience focusing solely on her. Also in order to eliminate the need of special effects, this scene could be off stage until Lady Macbeth bursts in and meets Macbeth. The language used would add to the general confusion and tantalising suspense with Lady Macbeth and Macbeth trying to affirm what happened as succinctly as possible using words such as â€Å"when† and â€Å"how†, adding to the further dramatic tension caused from Macbeth’s return. Macbeth here is depicted as frightened, for case of arousing those who would sound the alarm, â€Å"hark† he cries. However as Macbeth tries to denigrate himself by saying â€Å"this is a sorry sight† reflecting on his hands we can see the bolstering of spirit by Lady Macbeth who dismisses it as a â€Å"foolish thought†. Here again as at the outset of the scene we can see Lady Macbeth’s practical character being manifested, which is also seen further on when she returns the daggers, the determination, which she exemplifies, is also seen in Act 1. Scene 5, where she pacifies Macbeth saying â€Å"leave all†¦ to me.† Macbeth by contrast is asphyxiated with the thought of sleep another theme invoked thought a characters actions, seen in this scene, as Macbeth’s feels due to his actions, he wont be able to sleep the â€Å"innocent sleep.† This theme is further emphasised by the repetition of â€Å"sleep no more†. Also religious issues are aroused disallowing him to say â€Å"Amen† which under the Divine Right Of Kings should be uttered freely. Due to his contravention of the Right, he is despised of the reverential features. These two features culminate to show the slow disarray of the psychological state in Macbeth in a gradual downward spiral in mental degradation as he tries to control his ways however is adamant to look on murder again â€Å"I dare not.† Lady Macbeth is then faced with returning the daggers, with residual feelings of vexation for Macbeth. She dismisses his excuse using a metaphor â€Å"are but as pictures† pertaining to the fact that his fears are figments of the imagination like someone in â€Å"childhood† really trying to humiliate Macbeth for who he is. Lady Macbeth uses words such as â€Å"gilt† and â€Å"grooms† which would infer a marital sense being eluded to in the breakdown of relationship and the overlaying of something new, however the words are used here in a negative sense. Despite Lady Macbeth’s plausible efforts to banish all evidence from their presence in taking the daggers back, she in fact relinquished herself with the killing of Duncan with the blood on her hands. We can see the effects later on in the play when she is sleep walking she cries â€Å"out damned spot† this could only point back to this scene, which is a turning point from which she never escapes, and Macbeth and Lady Macbeth almost amalgamate into one. Again we have in the latter part of this scene a knocking which not only is used as a dramatic device in a quiet scene but also as a â€Å"knell† to show from now on they must suffer the consequences for their actions. The stage would be dark and quiet with a loud muffled pounding on the door resonating throughout the stage, the audience being caught up in this climatic suspense, trying to emulate what the two were feeling. Not only do we have this dramatic device used but also the theme of blood further intimated to â€Å"wash this blood† would further magnify the overall tension. We can see further allusion to blood in Act 2. Scene 3, â€Å"badged with blood† which is a predominate theme running through this scene. As the knocking grows ever closer Lady Macbeth keeps her composure and is not shaken by the knocking she seeks to disembalm them from the murder she says â€Å"a little water† which would usually signify purity. This is an example of dramatic irony, in water being used to cleanse them from their part in this deed, despite the abhorrence of such sin in the sight of purity. She is a stark contrast in character portrayal to Macbeth who is fretting for fear of being found out along with the settling apprehension of what he’s done as he say’s of Duncan he would wake him â€Å"would thou could’st† portraying to the audience a change of mind within Macbeth who seeks to resurrect King Duncan however has to face the solemn fact he can’t. At the outset of this next scene I wish to look at we see Lady Macbeth and Macbeth for the first time depicted with their elevated social circle enjoying those with whom they associate with in a banquet to commemorate their regal status. Macbeth tries to paint this false faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade in an attempt to stop any animosity from being portrayed but then jeopardises his ploy at being the â€Å"humble host† a subtle use of alliteration, by using the word â€Å"play.† This would infer a temporal state pertaining to a change as we can see in the latter part of the scene. A theme of appearance and reality is intimated here due to Macbeth’s appearance being a complete inverse to his inner thoughts, in seeking to veto Banquo’s life yet trying to proclaim himself in an unostentatious way. Which also could be perceived as dramatic irony. Macbeth at this early stage in the scene is fairly composed, however we can observe a gradual change as he meets with the murders, he then asks if Banquo has been â€Å"Dispatched.† Shakespeare’s ingenious use of the word could allude to two things, which is also linked with Act 1. Scene 5. In this instance it is used ostensibly to discern whether Banquo has been killed, however it is used earlier in the play in the sense of being efficacious in the ploy of Lady Macbeth, as regards to the demise of Banquo. This initial part of the scene could be staged with Macbeth consulting with the murders, behind an opaque screen which the audience could see, but not those at table, alluring to the secrecy of the situation contrasting with the revelry going on round the table. This would also draw the audience’s attention away from the table focusing them on Macbeth who is the pivotal one in this scene. Macbeth’s innate fears are seen in his speech saying: â€Å"I’m cabined, cribbed, confined bound in to saucy doubts and fears† Macbeth has no consolation, he is alone in his distress without the help of his wife on whom he so heavily relied, floundering for what to do next. The use of alliteration would make it even more emphatic, like a caged animal who has no hope, and it is here we are able to discern the pressure amounting infused with a weakness of mind, heralding the decline in mental degradation. It is then we have the entrance of Banquo’s ghost, a dramatic device building up tension even before Macbeth notices. In a modern day theatre to resemble a ghost would be a lot easier than in the Jacobean times, due to exquisite special effects which would captivate a modern audience, than those in afore times. Due to the lack of equipment to super impose, a ghost possibly couldn’t have been staged save for some one dressing up, however today’s sophisticated lighting could produce a realistic effect which would further add to the aura of tension emanating from this scene. Whilst Macbeth is in a quandary about where to sit, he is trying to banish this horrific sight from his mind he cannot abstain from saying; â€Å"Never shake they gory locks at me†, he simply cant tolerate the image any longer, whether this arose from the â€Å"heat oppressed† brain it is ambiguous, however Macbeth is firmly convicted of this terrible apparition which has come to taunt him. It is here Lady Macbeth steps in dismissing his accusations as â€Å"very paintings of your fear†; we can see again the practical side co-insiding with the portrayal in Act 2. Scene 2, alluring to the fact she is the dominant one in their relationship trying to bolster Macbeth amidst such breakdown Another theme of blood is made manifest in Macbeth’s speech here and later on when Banquo’s ghost reappears â€Å"blood hath been shed†, however he is bemused using metaphorical language there is a ghost saying â€Å"The brains were out†¦then man would die†¦an end.† Macbeth fails to grasp the concept of raising an apparition once a person has died. This however is an allusion to the further submergence in mental ruination as Macbeth elapses further into an irreparable state of mind. The ghost then makes a second appearance, more dramatic tension, filling the audience with a further sense of fear building up to a crescendo when Macbeth confronts the ghost. However we also see some dramatic irony emanating from his speech as he uses animal imagery, â€Å"armed rhinoceroses.† This is quite strange, as animals would symbolise a harmonic state of things, where as the thing Macbeth is describing is of a total contrast, used to emphasis the detrimental sight of Banquo’s ghost. The scene then draws to a close, alluring to the Divine Right Of Kings, along with religious issues invoked â€Å"blood will have blood.† This would also link back to the old Hebraic saying â€Å"Man who lives by the word will die by the sword† Macbeth has slighted the ways of the universe, the equilibrium has been altered, â€Å"Stones have been known to move† the hierachery of the heavens has been changed by false means in the demise of Duncan. Macbeth will have to reap what is sowed linking back to Act 2. Scene 2. Also mystics are pertained to in Macbeth’s speech â€Å"Understood relations by maggot-pies†, who had premonitions for the future beholding it in birds. Also reference to biblical saying â€Å"dust to dust† could be pertained to by reference of â€Å"maggots† referring to earthen things and ultimately death, which Macbeth will have to face. This would really captivate the attention of those in Jacobean times more effectively than those of the modern day, as they believed the supernatural, Shakespeare integrating it to focus the audience on Macbeth. The scene culminates in a theme of sleep linking back to Act 2 Scene 2, in Macbeth thinking this is the root of this â€Å"self abuse† however he say’s â€Å"young in deed† would reflect his mentality that he has further obstacles to clear to stop them hampering his seemingly aspiring progress, despite such denigration.

Rainforests essays

Rainforests essays Rainforests are very dense, warm, wet forests that consist of two types: tropical and temperate. Tropical rainforests are found in 85 countries located near the equator, where temperatures stay above 80 degrees fahrenheit year round. Temperate rainforests, which are much younger and more scars than then tropical rainforests, are located in Canada, the United States, New Zealand, Tasmania, Chile, Ireland, Scotland and Norway. Rainforests are disappearing acres per minute and at the present rate of destruction, the rainforests will soon vanish completely. The consequences that we unknowingly face from the destruction of the rainforests are the loss of plant life, the loss of wildlife, and the loss of oxygen. Rainforests are havens for an amazing diversity of different plant species, many of which have not yet been discovered. Our daily dependence on the plant products of the rainforest is astounding. For instance, rubber, beautiful hardwoods, spices, essential oils, and fruits are a few products that come from the rainforests. All of these plants that we depend on are being killed off and will never return again. A large number of these plant species also have a high possibility of curing things like cancer, AIDS, and many of the other diseases and viruses that devastate the human race. If the rainforests disappear, so will most of the human population of the world. Rainforests are also home to a ridiculously large number of different animal species, including microscopic animals, invertebrates, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Over half of the worlds animal population lives in rainforests. Colorful and unusual animals dwell in all four strata zones of the forests. The top strata zone, the emergent, houses many birds and insects. The canopy strata zone is home to insects, birds, reptiles, mammals, and more. The under story and the forest floor are the two lower strata zones and are teeming with the remaining an...

Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic Essay Example for Free

Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic Essay Originally it was called British Atlantic Airways, later changed to Virgin Atlantic Airways. The first flight was from Gatwick to Netwark on the 22nd of June 1984 (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The company launched a ? 6 m advertising campaign in 2010, which was James Bond themed (Guardian, 2010). The new advertisement helped the company recover from the recession. Now I will examine how exactly it was achieved and what methods were used to obtain the best performance of the advertisement. 2) Target Market. Market segmentation is a way of separating the consumers into different sections by their shared needs and personalities (Leon. G, 2010, p. 28). The needs and values depend from person to person according to his culture (Leon. G, 2010, p. 366). The VALS (values and lifestyles) segmentation system clearly shows the type of audience this commercial is aiming at (Leon. G, pp. 84). This system divides consumers into eight distinctive subcategories, which consist of: thinkers, achievers, experiencers, believers, strivers and makers. The subcategories this advertisement will appeal to are: innovators because they are receptive to new technologies and who can experience the innovated technologies at a Virgin Atlantic flight; achievers because they are goal oriented consumers who like to display success to their piers, which they can display by flying Virgin Atlantic as it is high class airlines; experiencers because they like to spend their income on fashion, socializing and entertainment which Virgin Atlantic offers through great service, food, entertainment and their flights are considered as ‘trendy’. The social comparison theory states that the consumer with higher purchase ability tends to have a higher status; this is a proof why achievers like to spend on luxurious products and services (Leon. G, 2010, p. 338). This commercial appeals to all the five effective target-marketing segments (Leon. G, 2010, p. 73). It is identifiable as it clearly distinguishes the shared needs, age and gender of the consumer. The consumer is a businessman or career orientated workingwoman who prefers high-class service. The age would appeal to Generation Y that is born from 1980 and on wards (Leon. G, 2010, p. 410). The Generation Y spends 150 billion annually and is into innovation and luxury while Generation X is considered as ‘sophisticated’ group. Virgin Atlantic Airways allows children ages 5 and above to travel or should be accompanied by an adult (16+). Pets are accepted if they accompany a disabled person (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). 3) Service offered. The marketing mix shows what kind of service/product is offered by dividing the elements to: product, price, place and promotion (Leon. G, 2010, p. 58). The service being offered is not just a flight from one destination to another; it is an experience at a high-class level of the Virgin Atlantic flight where the costumer will be served at a high class, with security, entertainment and with maximum comfort. It is a high-involvement purchase, which requires considerate thought and cognitive process, as the price is high (Leon. G, 2010, p. 231). The flight can be purchased online or at a flight ticket office. The company offers promotion such as: flying club card, ticket sales and discount codes/vouchers (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The price and quality relationship the company has is low- price tickets in comparison with their competitors and with a high-class service. 4) Seasonality. The time of placing the advertisement is very important, as there are competing companies to take into consideration. The order effect research has shown that the advertisements presented first (primacy effect) and last (regency effect) has a greater effect on the consumer (Leon. G, 2010, p. 302). The release date was 26 October 2010, which was a great push to recovery from recession. British Airways and American Airlines are the biggest competitors. American Airlines released their commercial in May 2010, which had a primacy effect where as Virgin Atlantic Airlines gained a regency effect. The James Bond 007 Blood Stone video game was released on 5th of November 2010(IMDB, 2010). This shows that the commercial was released 10 days before the release date of the game. This strategy used by Virgin Atlantic is a very clever marketing move, as their advertisement is James Bond themed and during that period of time all sorts of media (TV, newspapers, online, word of mouth and billboards) had James Bond game advertisements. Virgin Airlines got increased attention to their advertisement by publishing their advertisement at time coinciding with Blood Stone’s release. 5) Positioning the commercial. The advertisement is transmitting through mass media as well as through new (non traditional) media (Leon. G, 2010, pp. 294-296). The commercial is played on TV where it addresses wide range of consumers (i. e. via mass media) and through YouTube where it is addressable and interactive, while response – measurable. It was also played during the flights on the Virgin Atlantic TV channel where it exclusively targets its audience (i. e. via target media). 6) Reason for the commercial. The consumer behavior consists of searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, disposing of products and services that in their belief will fulfill their wants (Leon. G, 2010, p. 23). The commercial was created in order to persuade and make aware the audience of the fact that the service being offered by the airlines is luxurious, entertaining and high-class, to convince that this kind of service will satisfy there needs. ) Perception. â€Å"Perception is defined as the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the world. †(Leon. G, 2010, p. 175) This advertisement appeals to emotional motives, which are affection, status and pride in this case (Leon. G, 2010, p. 110). The advertisements mood is sexually charged and is putting the buyer into a state of excitement by: James Bond themed music and graphics, illustrations of high-class adventure and good-looking actors in the commercial. Abraham Maslow created the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which identifies the five basic levels of human needs (Maslow, 1987). The advert is aiming to satisfy all the five needs of the potential consumer. Egoistic needs will be satisfied during the flight on these airlines, as it is illustrated as a prestigious flight. Egoistic needs include the need of good reputation, status and recognition from others, which advert convinces that the consumer will have, if he/she chooses Virgin Atlantic Airways. Need of Self-Actualization will be satisfies as shown in the advert, by flying on this flight the customer will feel self-actualized by getting high-class service which he/she deserved or earned themselves. Social Needs are to be satisfied by communication with good-looking staff. The Virgin Atlantic cabin crew was voted as the most attractive staff in the whole world by the surveys of travelers (Daily mail, 2011). Richard Branson has always stated that the appearance of the flight crew must be important in order make the customers enjoy a memorable flight. Cabin staff of Virgin Atlantic Airlines are told that: ‘You’ll be the face of the airline. As such, your grooming should always be immaculate – even after a long, tiring flight’ (Daily mail, 2011). As flying on an airplane has a small risk of security, the advert is aiming to convince that their flight is safe and is a pleasant experience where there is nothing to worry about. Physiological needs will be satisfied by the high-class food and beverage service that would be offered during the flight by good-looking staff. Air and shelter will also be present, as the designed with up to date technology. This commercial is aimed at visual consumers that prefer and take information better through visual images or messages as sources of information (Leon. G, 2010, p. 147). While watching the Virgin Atlantic advertisement repetitively on TV or Online passive learning is occurring and it changes the consumer’s attitude regarding the product (Leon. G, 2010, p. 232). The theme message delivered through this advert is: ‘Your airline’s either got it or it hasn’t’. There is a message resonance in the wording, which adds a bit of humor to it and will make the viewer remember the commercial (Leon. G, 2010, p. 301). The theme message has comparative advertising technique to it where Virgin makes the viewer compare their airlines to Virgin Atlantic (Leon. G, 2010, p. 303). The sexiness in advertising is present in order to grab the attention of the viewer (Leon. G, 2010, p. 308). The hostesses are wearing short dresses in red color and the man who is passing the security check hasn’t got underwear on. Virgin is trying to show that their flights are ‘sexy’. This technique tries to show the security the airlines provide (angel like). The flight team is very good looking and is walking with self-assurance, which adds confidence to the image of the company. The runway lines and the red carpet represents the luxurious service. | | Transition from the safety demonstration to the airplane saloon is done without editing cuts, which is very eye-catching. | | The shot of people sitting around of a pool of martini and playing with the olive, which represents entertainment, beverage and luxury the airlines offer to their customers. 9) Buying process. â€Å"The consumer decision making can be viewed as three distinct but interlocking stages: the input stage, the process stage and the output stage†(Leon. G, 2010, p. 36). This advertisement is designed in order to influence the input and process stage in order to make the consumer come to the output stage. This advert influences and increases the consumer’s recognition of the service ne ed. The information is delivered to the consumers through the marketing efforts of the commercial, which will influence not only media but also word of mouth marketing. The Psychoanalytical Theory of Personality created by Sigmund Freud explains the drivers of the output stage (Leon. G, 2010, pp. 137-139). According to Freud’s theory this commercial will affect superego and id to make the purchase. The superego will be gratified when purchasing this service because he/she will become socially and fashionably acceptable, as Virgin Atlantic flight is ‘trendy’. Id will be gratified if the consumer will make the purchase because the airlines offer the basic requirements such as food, shelter and security. The consumer will make a trial or a repeat purchase when buying this service (Leon. G, 2010, p. 497). The consumer might be new to the company or be a frequent loyal customer. 10) Involvement levels and risk perception. Involvement is a very important factor in how much attention is paid to the message sent to the viewer and how it is understood. There are different ways to measure the involvement of the viewer. There are two ways of involvement, high-risk and low-risk purchases. The higher the risk, the higher the involvement and research will be. The flight purchase is a low-involvement product and consumers prefer congruent context of the message delivered (Leon. G, 2010, p. 293). The mood of the consumer is very important, if he/she is in a bad mood, the content of the commercial might cause a bad reaction of the viewer. Psychological noise may be distracting the viewer from the commercial and the advertisement has contrast in the imagery in order to keep the viewers attention. 11) Conclusion. The advertisement created by the Virgin Atlantic airlines in my opinion was successful . The James Bond theme imageries and soundtrack had a great impact on the effectiveness of the commercial. Every time the consumer will watch James Bond movie or play a James Bond game, the commercial will subconsciously come to their mind and the other way around. The time it was released was perfect, as they needed a push to get out from the recession. The commercial had a bit too much sex advertisement in it, which may led to worse effect tan could have achieved and made the competitors (American Airlines) stand out more, as they had a touching TV commercial that gave gratitude to the men in uniform, veterans and their families. Sexual advertising may distract the consumer’s attention from the message content being sent. This technique may have a little influence on the buyers purchasing intentions and a risk of spoiling the image of the company. This advert is targeting businessman, but there is the family audience with children and generation X, which they are risking of loosing. The commercial is based mostly on emotions and only in one short scene the viewer can see the seats with the monitors. The saloons, seats and the exact food of Virgin Atlantic Airlines are not shown, but they are very important to be shown, as the consumer wants to see the comfort he/she will have during the flight. The fact that the advertisement shows a man being tucked into a cloud and not airplane seat could make an impression that the airlines are hiding something and their seats are not good enough to be shown in the advertisement. This advertisement could have been improved by focusing the viewer’s attention much more on the design of the saloon, comfortable seats and delicious food. Nonetheless, overall this was a very well executed and effective advertisement with successfully reached hearts and minds of customer. Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic. (2018, Oct 18).

Juxtapositions of the modern and the archaic Essay

Juxtapositions of the modern and the archaic - Essay Example It was extremely absurd; when his aunt continuously corrected him to be addressing respectable black man by the initials, Mr. Her aunt told him that he should address them by the name nigger. This went on until young children got used to addressing black people as Negros. White men held rituals that showed respect and affection to maintain the impression of personal relationship that never existed. Black men used the initials Mr. once addressing a white man and Miss to a woman (Ayers 100). This never happened when white people were addressing black people as they addressed them rather by their names, which was a sign of disrespect. Black women did not have the privilege of having the initials Mrs by their names but instead assumed the name of an â€Å"aunt† prior their first names. Black men’s address was Negros, which mostly was evident in the newspapers or just as two boys were killed. It was not customary for the two races to shake hands or socialize in public beside s black men to removing their hats in public places especially those meant for the whites, but white people did not remove hats in homes owned by black people. There were days that were set aside for black people to shop and socialize. Saturday was set aside for black people to shop and socialize thus white people did not go to towns. ... Many white and black people tried to create a humane relationship even though hate and dislike characterized the then atmosphere in the atmosphere. The whites believed that being kind to the old and respectable blacks was a sign of strong character. Rituals that revealed race relationship normally marked the Christmas holiday. Southern blacks celebrated Christmas as a moment of white giving gifts to the blacks and offering freedoms. However, the ritual went on fading, and it only remained in some plantations (Ayers 102). This practice remained in some parts since the white people deemed that black people were naturally beggars. This annoyed the white people as blacks begged from morning to evening. Besides, black Negroes demonstrated that there were laws in Christmas. They could move around the streets making jokes and shouting since they recognized themselves as equals to white people. When black people had nobody else to turn to, they sought help from the white people. They begged for bread and others edible stuffs during Christmas, though some could resolve to toil for themselves. For illustration, there was woman left by  the   husband, and he had to borrow food for Christmas. His husband who fled with another woman left her, and she worked all day long to provide for his family. There are laws, which barred or discouraged rural urban - race relations. Sectors like rural roads, cotton grins and stores; there was no evidence of segregation. Anglers and hunters respected laws and rules as long they were fair regardless of law. White and black men used to work together in these sectors besides seen around fireplaces while women cooked from the same kitchen,

Business Ethics - Disussion Questions Case Study

Business Ethics - Disussion Questions - Case Study Example ork ethics will be formulated with an emphasis on loyalty and respect, a workable agreement on fair dealings, built trust, well-informed decisions on values rather than beliefs among other features. It will be important to therefore study, understand the country with its cultures and beliefs, and interact with the societies in order to deploy better relationships with the environment. The trans-cultural integrated ethical decision-making entails the aspects of addressing the need for including cultural factors in the process of ethical dilemma resolution. This trans-cultural model incorporates well-defined concepts from multicultural theories into ethical decision-making models that can be adapted primarily from an integrated model deployed. This approach is presented in a format that can be used by counselors facing ethical challenges within a variety of settings and within different cultural groups (De, 2012). The benefits of developing a transcultural corporate ethic entail the aspect of improving the welfare of a society and the interests of the organization. The social responsibility in organizations will also be improved and this will enhance the course of an organization. The management has within its power the capacity to develop a transcultural corporate ethics. They have the ability to also strive to develop a strategy that embodies a jointly developed transcultural virtues, with this virtues forming a common bond through all cultural difference. It is, therefore, important to understand that profits and ethics are essential elements in the process of evaluating an organizations activity. During profits major on showing organizations results from a quantitative viewpoint, ethics also reflects the quality of these results. In relation to this study, total is a gas company that competes with the Shell group with both being gas companies. Shell group amongst other things provides that all people should at all costs avoid conflicts of interests between

The KFC Business Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The KFC Business Model - Essay Example From 1900-1924, Sanders held a variety of jobs. In 1930, in the midst of the depression, Sanders opened his first restaurant in the small front room of a gas station in Corbin, Kentucky. Sanders served as a station operator, chief cook, and cashier. He named the dining area "Sanders Court & Cafà ©." In 1936, Kentucky Governor Ruby Laffoon made Sanders an honorary Kentucky Colonel in recognition of his contributions to the cuisine of the state. The pressure cooker was introduced. Colonel Sanders began using it to fry his chickens to give customers fresh chickens faster. 1940 was the birthdate of the original recipe.The Colonel began franchising his chicken business in 1952 by traveling from town to town and cooking batches of chicken for restaurant owners and employees. The Colonel awarded Pete Harman of Salt Lake City with the first KFC franchise. A handshake agreement stipulated a payment of a nickel to Sanders for each chicken sold. Sanders sold his interest in the U.S. company fo r $2 million to a group of investors headed by John Y. Brown Jr., future governor of Kentucky. The Colonel remained as a public spokesman for the company. In 1966, the KFC went public. KFC was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1969. More than 3,500 franchised and company-owned restaurants were in worldwide operation when Heublein Inc. acquired KFC Corporation in 1971. On 16 December 1980, Colonel Harland Sanders, who came to symbolize quality in the food industry, died of leukemia. Flags in all Kentucky state buildings fly at half-staff for four days. PepsiCo, Inc. acquired KFC from RJR Nabisco, Inc. In 1997 PepsiCo, Inc. announced the spin-off of its quick service restaurants - KFC, Taco Bell and Pizza Hut - into Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. In 2002, Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., the worlds largest restaurant company, changed its corporate name to YUM! Brands, Inc.

Completing Thesis: A Reflective Statement

Completing Thesis: A Reflective Statement Normally I set date to start my assignments am not a person who starts things earlier and finish it earlier, I set a time to start up things but anyway I finish my work on time. But after the last day of my dissertation advice session I start working on my thesis from that day. In the dissertation advice session the information given to complete the reflective analysis was major cause which helped me in to make my reflective report successfully. That daily dairy idea not only helps me in this project but also for normal activities of my life I started noting some important things. To complete the thesis I worked practically by talking to lot of people and I did studied lot of books, journals and internet materials and some thesis which is written by some one relates to topic. t took me almost 2 months to finish this thesis with all my hard work involved in it. When I started doing a thesis I found it difficult as I never did research like this as my previous education is based on exams and question and answer session. But this is the first time I am doing a project with lot of field work and lot of time I spend for understand the logistics management and the challenges faced by them. When I started doing this project I was not guided by any one and I was blank. Because I dont know what to write and how to start. Then I felt like going slowly to understand the topic first. What the topic says and what are the challenges faced by the apparel industry in logistics market. As one of my friends directed me what thesis is and what is the solution we should find for the topic. Which is set by the university. Before working for project I started collecting informations like articles, journals, websites and books related to supply chain management and logistics. Group discussion held after the advice session was useful that I come to know about the opinions and ideas of my group mates which was different from one another and was very useful. Every day colleagues came with several ideas which were followed by all the members of the group. But after meeting several people and after getting lot of information about the topic and different answer from different people and different book and journal says different things about the logistics world. It was bit confusing to start with but by setting a time limit to myself to write what I learned every three days. At the end of the month I saw what I wrote after 3 days. Then I consolidate it as a report. These are my basic step I took to start a thesis. But I find difficult in finding the information practically which is meeting the apparel industry managers and staff. As I find hard to get appointments to get information and the information they provide is not fulfilled my questions. But still I did not lose the hope. I did lot of try at last in few stores like Zara in Croydon high street and M S in Guildford had a good response to my entire question. I would like to state few of the answers provided by the managers in Zara, MS and few more stores. As I had several question relating to the topic. I went to Zara, Next and MS apparel stores to find out their logistics performance. First one I went is Zara in Croydon high street surrey. Were I found good information about their logistics strategy and the manager of the store started out by saying the apparel manufacturers and retailers mantra for the new millennium? Speed to market. Its the last leg of the right product, right market, right time race and its all about logistics. And he told the companies started concentrating and started investing heavily on investing on logistics as it is the back bone of the fashion industry. If I say you my personal opinion Zara logistics performance is excellent as it is vertical integration to ensure control over supply chain, and proximity. Zaras centralized distribution facility gives the chain a competitive advantage by minimizing the lead-time of their goods. Zaras internally or externally produced merchandise goes to the distribution centre. This is cost-effective due to the close proximities of the distribution centre in Arteixo and their factories in Coruà ±a. In the distribution centre, products are inspected and immediately shipped, since Zaras distribution centre is a place where merchandise is moved rather than stored. Then, to increase delivery speed, the shipments are scheduled by time zones and shipped by way of air, and land. The typical delivery time within and outside Europe is between 24 to 48 hours. It was an informative session I had in the Zara store and I was amazed with their logistics performance and the lead time to the shelf is best than all other brand. Like M S and Next lead time is longer than Zara lead time and these brands are horizontally integrated. But I found there is a disadvantage in vertical integration which I asked this question to a M S store in Guildford, Surrey. Zaras strategy also creates some weaknesses. Their vertical integration has more Advantages than drawbacks but it is important to recognize its limitations. Vertical integration often leads to the inability to acquire economies of scale, which means they cannot gain the advantages of producing large quantities of goods for a discounted rate. Higher costs are then incurred for the Inditex Corporation. Inditex also has to support their own high capital investments for their chains and be able to financially back their Technology and skills beyond those currently available within the organization. Zaras speedy and recurrent introduction of new products incurs increased costs as well. They have higher research and development costs. They also have elevated costs due to the constant changeover of production techniques to create their different apparel lines. That also means that employees must be trained in order to use the new manufacturing techniques, which again leads to increased costs. Traditional retailers do not experience higher costs in all of these areas. I found lot of information from local shopper till the managers about the logistics performance of lot of the apparel market like TK Maxx, Self Fridge, John Lewis and more. The outcome all are finishing at the end is right product at the right time and reducing the lead time to the shelf is always challenging to the logistics market. During my collection of information I came across some problem, I shifted from Luton to London in the beginning instance I find difficult in searching books and other related journals, but by the advice given by one of my friend I came to know libraries nearby it helped me in collecting information. I made a timetable for myself every week and worked according to it. Mostly I go to libraries and collect informations during day and after I return home I took rest for myself for some hours and then go through the information collected by me on that day and will take notes for my thesis. Once unfortunately I got a call from one of my elder cousin who is working in dubai and when he asked me about my studies I told him that am working for my project and by saying him the topic he gave me phone numbers of some persons who working in logistics sector. The information which was collected by me through phone from logistics managers who are working for ETA groups in middle east countries gave me a detail idea about the challenges which their company face and it was useful for me to research on the basis what exactly affecting apparels. From the day I started working whoever I meet I just put them my dissertation question and take note of the points given by them. For getting additional information and opinions of people I questioned them and comment their ideas and opinion in between which makes them to give answer and which helps me in theoretical argument. This is where the stage I taught myself how to approach people in collecting information and getting ideas. Each person tell their views what challenges their company face and I came to know that some challenges which are major in some countries are not a big problems in other countries. So then I started my work focus on different countries challenges in port and other clearing process. Then I realised that my ability to research on a issue was improving and I felt much confident. Previously while working for my assignments I compromise if I didnt get certain information. But I felt that compromise doesnt wins an argument, so I was very much strict in what I want and I didnt used any substituent if I couldnt get information related . I tried and kept pressure on myself to finding things what is needed for me in completing successful thesis. I find some difficulty in working during weekends after returning from my work. So entirely in the first month I couldnt able to work for my project during week days. Later I realised that am wasting time and even started working on weekends. This two and half month I heard many people saying even the person who talks with me in phone says your quite reserved than before. This is because my minds always think about the project that i need to submit and most of my words I had with my friends were about my project. Normally I am a talkative guy in nature but this time span made me and showed me a person who listens more than speak. I believe that this field work made me to think and act rather than before. Now I do started following the quote plan and implement. I even feel my patience was more than before. I even watched some short videos in Google and YouTube and some of the interview posted by people related to logistics and supply chain management as it was in a visualisation mode It helps me more in understanding the concepts and I made it as my hobby whenever I feel bored i use to watch songs but after starting my project I started watching videos related to logistics. It also took me in interesting way and motivated to watch more videos of such type. After collecting information from different ways like media, books, magazine, newspaper, journals, internet and meeting several professional and non-professional people I came to a understand a change in supply chain strategy and the current supply chain strategy in rapidly developing market. I couldnt able to be in contact with my group members often as am far from them so most of my time with them were in phone and I too asked suggestions and gave them suggestions in finding information. And there was a huge difference in the way of working for project among my group mates and the incidents and experience which we shared was useful for us in going to find more information. To make my work more easier in finding resources I even spoke with some seniors colleagues who finished their masters successfully they told about their time span spend for finishing the thesis and problems faced by them this made me aware to get rid of some problems which I may face in finding and working for data collection. I even quote a line for myself while going through data collection. That suggestion can be asked from everyone but decision should be decided only by my own. I felt there was one mistake which I made in this project work is I collected and take notes not in unique order that I should do my project .i mixed notes and it was quite difficult for me to arrange and make it. I get tensed several times because I was not confident and proper and was in a dilemma in making paragraph. I doubt myself which I need to mention first and follow other things. But quietly I came on it and did that accordingly in my best way. When I finished my theses I felt much happy that I havent felt happy like this when I finish my normal assignments. I believe that the effort I insert for this project in double the time which I work for assignments. After collecting information from different ways like media, books, magazine, news paper, journals, internet and meeting several professional and non- profession people. I come to a understand a change in supply chain strategy and the current supply chain strategy in rapidly developing market. But after collectively found some information about the topic I put myself in the place of a logistics manager and what will I do if I face this problem. I put myself in lot of question. This I thought because I felt like after my studies I have to face all the challenges and question I am thinking currently. I thought I will inter relate my questions and the challenges faced in my thesis which I did and more over this thesis made me think as a manager for a logistics apparel firm and it put me in a confident that I am capable of taking decision and I am capable of managing a logistics firm and I come to know what are the challenges and what are the disadvantage currently facing by the logistics operation. What is jazz? What is jazz? What is jazz? This question has been debated throughout the 20th Century, as jazz has proven difficult to define. The dictionary definition of Jazz states jazz as â€Å"a genre of music that originated in African-American communities around the late 19th – early 20th century†. Regarding its musical features, jazz relies heavily on the use of improvisation and syncopation as well as incorporating elements such as blue notes and poly-rhythms. The birth of jazz into Americas multicultural society has led many to believe that Jazz in one of Americas pristine art forms, parallel to the western classical tradition in Europe. But does this make jazz an American way of creating music, and therefore Americas classical music? This assumption leads to questions about identity and race as a social construct. Jazz emerged as an indigenous form of music that reflected the American ideal of the individuals freedom of expression. However throughout its discourse, jazz has continually evolved from casual improvisations into a set of musical elements that can characterize and define each classical style. However each new classical jazz style carried emerging ideas of ethnic black identity as a sub cultural crisis point. For example, the Blues period was a reflection of slavery, dixie jazz was an early reflection of crayol life and swing represented the commercialisation of black musicians. This implied the idea that jazz music was a reflection of race which articulated African American feelings and thoughts of the socio-political injustices of the time into the music. It is this struggle for identity and equality that in many ways, suggests jazz is a metaphor for the American idea of democracy. However the introduction of jazz to the black community was initially seen by the white as transgressive. It gave the black community emancipation from race, but not an emancipation of race. In essence, jazz created black people who spoke like middle class white people. This subverted their ethnic identities, which created a new socio-ethnic black stereotype, allowing the black man a redefined status. This led to many artists such as Dizzie Gillespie to create a new black intellectual image, as the social boundaries began to break down. Yet it could also be argued that this merely replaced one stereotyping with another. As jazz became more popular, white jazz bands such as the Benny Goodman Orchestra (1935-1939) began to emerge. However, music critic/poet LeRoi Jones saw problems with appropriating jazz. As a champion of the African-American population, he believed that black music belonged to black people. He saw white jazz musicians as thiefs that steal music from black people. How can jazz be seen as Americas classical music if America is divided on its appropriation? However, over time this view changed. Some 50 years later, jazz arguably transformed from a single, guarded expression of the consciousness of African Americans to a national music. This identity of jazz emerged in 1987, when the 100th congress of the U.S.A recognized jazz as â€Å"a national treasure to which we should devote our attention, support and resources to make certain it is preserved, understood and promulgate† (Price 2003, 1). This was a unique American phenomenon which appropriated jazz as a national symbol. Jazz historian/critic Grover Sales book Jazz: America’s Classical Music (1984) initiated this discussion of jazzs importance a few years earlier. The main proposition in the book was that jazz was a serious form of music that should be regarded as equally important as Western classical music, despite its differences. In 2001, the same statement was made in Ken Burns documentary Jazz (2001) by trumpeter Wynton Marsalis. This started another debate as to whether jazz should be perceived as Americas classical music or whether jazz and classical music should remain separate. On the one hand, jazzs emergence as a form of popular music in the United States, like classical music was performance orientated, with jazz schools such as the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) formed in Chicago, 1965. This association, much like a conservatoire aimed to give young African-American jazz tutelage. As a genre, jazz music has also evolved through different forms, levels of complexity, literacy and excellence. Because of this, it shared many similarities with classical music. It is also argued that, like the classical music of other cultures, jazz has been time tested. In the early 20th century; it became a standard and a model, later established value and most of all was native to the African-American culture. A culture which, echoed its struggles, decade by decade through music. Jazz serves, in a sense, as a musical mirror, reflecting how not only the African-American jazz community saw themselves at different times in their history, but als o how society portrayed them, for example in the way Hollywood movies portray the 1920’s and 30’s using the jazz of those decades to underscore the pictures. Trumpeter and composer Wynton Marsalis, believed in promoting the appreciation of both Classical and Jazz music. Born in 1961, Marsalis career progressed from teacher, to music educator, becoming Artistic Director of Jazz at Lincoln Center in New York City, winning nine Grammys in both genres in the process. But despite his talent, critics opposed Marsalis views. Scott Yanow criticized his â€Å"selective knowledge of jazz history† and that he considers â€Å"post-1965 avant-garde playing to be outside of jazz and 1970s fusion to be barren. Marsalis was also criticized for pressing his opinions as producer and on-screen commentator in the Ken Burns documentary Jazz (2001). The documentary focused primarily on legends Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong, presenting jazz as a lineage of great men and as Americas classical music. Marsalis also covered the years 1920–1965 more than later decades, and almost disregarded 1970 jazz completely. In response to the film, music journalist David Adler wrote, Wyntons coronation in the film is not merely biased. It is not just aesthetically grating. It is unethical, given his integral role in the making of the very film that is praising him to the heavens. Grover Sales opinion in 1984 supported Marsalis view, but he too was also criticised. Emmett price, associate professor of music and one of the worlds leading experts on African-American music, opposed Sales saying; â€Å"There is nothing classical about jazz. Classical implies static, non-changing; a relic frozen in time. J azz has never been static, non-changing or frozen. (Price 2003, 1). Prices interpretation is questionable, as the idea of classical music as a relic frozen in time is controversial, however his point about jazz being the opposite of this is hard to disagree with. The genre of jazz has been constantly evolving through the decades, with the emergence of fusion as a hybrid musical form. Can any classical genres, such as music from the Romantic period be described as a hybrid form to the same level as fusion is to jazz? Immediately there is difficulty classifying jazz as a classical music. Jazz is a constantly changing art-form that nowadays refers to new and evolving genres (such as acid jazz, punk jazz in the 90s). Arguably, the idea that jazz is never finished evolving challenges Sales 1984 claim of it being a form of classical music. The word classical implies a level of unchanging, solidarity, so is it appropriate to label the ever-changing jazz climate as classical music?