Friday, May 22, 2020
Why Genetic Engineering Is Important - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2218 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Science Essay Level High school Topics: Genetic Engineering Essay Did you like this example?  The platform of the world has been changed with the blooming engineering aspect. Drastic changes have been brought and are going to be established in the future and in this prospective, engineering is playing remarkable role and the way we perceive and estimate about the world varies according to our level of perception. Some ends up with the world fragmentation and collapse of the human civilization while some judges the most powerful and advanced humans to appear time ahead. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Genetic Engineering Is Important?" essay for you Create order Humans so called homo sapiens covered a long and dynamic history from apes undergoing modification and this fact can be understood as the undergoing natural process of rectifying genes that solely played a keen factor in the result of humans from apes to be entirely different from other creatures and in addition, possessing the high level of cognition and the social structure. The better understanding of genes developed a field so called genetic engineering which is the technology of bringing changes in genetic makeup of the cells including genes transfer across or within species to produce the new or improved organisms. One can figure out the vast differences in the human society going to be created by genetic engineering and some of the tremendous discoveries that will directly affect the population health and in addition, social issues and potential threads by its misuse.               What a long journey and a hope of better outcomes genetic engineering has set up in medical fields. The pioneer of discovering essential factors and mechanisms to the genetic engineering was Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber, who discovered restriction enzymes in 1968 and these enzymes are used to cleave DNA into fragments. In 1973, American biochemists Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer introduced genetic engineering based on recombination and their attempt was successful to become the first ones to cut DNA into fragments, rejoin them and reproduce new genes by inserting into E. coli. The late 20th century represents the history of DNA recombination and the genetically altered organisms used for the vaccines like pseudorabies while in the early 21st century, GMO crops and foods have been productive to farmers and they have been the important aspects in the daily market. Most importantly, gene editing has been a major concer n among the public and is surrounded with consensus and controversies.               The most controversial procedure is the human embryo editing which in fact viewed by most people as the threat to the human society since it can engineer the human baby completely unique and with high level of intelligence as well as inducing the new genetic disorder. However, looking over Government rules and restrictions and researchers promises on its right utilization, one must acknowledge the essential part this process plays in getting babies rid of hereditary and genetic diseases, which induces the family happiness and thus improving the quality of life. The process termed as germline engineering which in fact a branch of genetic engineering has been reported to be carried out three times in China while in the United States, MIT Technology Review has posted a video demonstrating how human embryos can be edited and DNA can be improved and the article First Human Embryos Edited in U.S. published by Steve Connor demonst rates about the germline technology and informs about Shoukhrat Mitalipov, the first US scientist known to edit the DNA of human embryos using CRISPR, a type of molecular scissor. There are several criticisms and supports associated with it.               Although CRISPRs cut in editing embryos has created a broad spectrum of criticism, it is necessary to evaluate the achievements and the genetic revolution it can bring. It is a point to be noted that there is restriction over the investment of federal funds onto the embryo research. In this atmosphere, Mitalipov shows how much cautious he is regarding the embryo editing and makes sure that it will be used to correct genes rather than changing them. In the experiment, Mitalipov and his collaborators combined sperm bearing disease and healthy eggs and immediately added CRISPR, they found the result that 72% embryos were free from mutation. Preprint authors view the possibility of some embryos not taking up the paternal DNA. Some researchers suggested that mutated paternal gene might have disappeared from embryos but never replaced by the healthy version, which denotes the missing section of DNA and accompanying the unknown conseq uences. Among these lumps of condemnations, as published by the Washington Post on August 2, 2017, Mitakipovs first human embryo editing experiment corrects gene for heart condition using the CRISPR. This paves the path to correct DNA errors and in fact, control genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia and so on. The point of concern is how government takes in control about this blooming technology and its inventions of genome-editing tools but the public needs to draw their attention how genetic diseases can be solved at an early stage of embryo development and make their babies fit and fine.               It is important to determine how genetic engineering has been useful in producing insulin, human growth hormones, monoclonal antibodies, follistim, human albumin and other forms of drugs and the potential it holds and has achieved in curing HIV/AIDS and cancer. They are perceived as being fatal or slow poison to death. However, the time is knocking the door of their prevention and cure. How far has the genetic engineering been to solve those diseases and has there been any noticeable changes among the public? In August 2017, FDA approved a new cancer therapy called CAR T-cell therapy to treat B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia among kids and young adults. Kymriah, the term given to the cancer therapy and from the Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis, was used for the clinical trial and the success rate was 83%. This success can be viewed as the beginning footstep to the treatment and very close approach to its cure. The proce dure of producing this therapy is directly related to modifying T cells which is assumed by scientists as containing potential in suppressing and eradicating HIV infection in humans after it was researched in lab animals. The hematopoietic stem cells also called HIV-specific CAR: CD4, one part of the CAR hunts and binds the AIDS virus while C46, an additional surface molecule prohibits HIVs potential to enter the T cells. Scott Kitchen, an immunologist from Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, believes that stem cell has tremendous ability to suppress long term effect of HIV and even remove the virus. He also estimates the clinical trial to begin within two years as his team has been in talks with Calimmune, the private gene therapy company, about this approach. We can see the future dimension that genetic engineering holds to replicate the power the way it does. In this analysis of its power to prevent diseases, the cost associated with it cant be neglected and the social issues it c an establish now and then can be conceptualized.               Several medical benefits are associated with genetic engineering, but the cost associated with new therapies and other medical procedures are expensive in such a way that it outbreaks the thought of being poor or rich, which ultimately address the classism. Lets take an invitro fertilization in consideration. It is of high importance as it provides the opportunity for infertile woman to have babies and it can be viewed as an important aspect to the society. Iva Roze Skoch, a journalist from the Newsweek generates the questions regarding the cost of IVF in her article Why Is IVF So Expensive In The United States? The point that she prioritizes upon is that only 15 states in the United States have the provision of health insurance coverage for the IVF. Surprisingly, Washington state does not fall under this category. The article mentions the self-concept of one of the women from St. Louis, Marie Clampell, who is suffering from po lycystic ovary syndrome and she figures out that it would cost more than $15000 to try to get her pregnant in the clinic through the IVF. In this circumstance, she perceives such an expensive medical procedure to be non-affordable to poor but accessible to rich folks. This is nothing as compared to the price of Kymriah, a cancer therapy that costs around $475,000 and might be costlier with its advancement in the upcoming years. If CAR-T therapy for cancer costs heavy, anyone can predict how much weight the cost of HIV treatment will bear in near future. Obviously, we can see the attachment of classism with the invention of medical procedures made available by the genetic engineering and in the future, this prejudice and thought will still be prevailing among people until the government tries to correct down the laws and make the medical practices that are fundamentally valuable cheaper and affordable.               It is evident that the genetic engineering can change the genetic coding and hence bring several changes in humans. The article Can CRISPR- Cas9 Boost Intelligence? describes about the possibility of boosting the expected intelligence of an embryo using the laboratory tool in the context at which the safety and accuracy of Crispr-Cas9 is increasing at a significant pace. According to the bio-ethicist Hille Haker, genetic engineering will be useful to the wealthy people to translate the power from the social atmosphere into the enduring genome code and effectively establish permanent capitalist social relation. In the article, When Baby Genes Are for Sale, the Rich Will Pay, the writer Alex Salkever and Vivek Wadhwa present their future ideas about the genetic engineering in a funny style of writing and enlighten the social class issue since rich will be flexible to pay to reproduce physically and mentally powerful children. Obv iously, if this technology flourishes in the sector of modifying the human genes to make them powerful, good looking and intellectually extraordinary, it can introduce a new form of classism in the future society separating the powerful and genetically modified rich to one side of the coin and on the top dominating the bottom of the coin i.e. the poor and normal humans. The practice of changing the gene pattern with a virtue of the outcome of perfect human can introduce the critical issues associated with the social class. The problem of classism can be recognized as our mind encircle within the depth of genetic modification however nobody can find the reliability of scientific discoveries if the comparative analysis is carried out and it is necessary to restrict practices on human cloning and genetically engineering whole human and it is always important to analyze how progressive these future humans will be and their body being able to resist diseases and looking to history of social issues, they were prevalent and still their topic exist however they cant be removed unless we dont change our thoughts.               Some scientists predict this field to be curse to the human society but the future benefits it carries cant be suppressed with the negative views and insights. Charles Darwin presented his ideas how the changes take place in genotype of organisms in response to the environment and modification occurs. The introduction of this engineering has proved why adaptation is not the key element, but the theory of engineering can entirely prove to be proficient in changing the genotype of any organisms. The book written by the Scottish geologist, Man After Man describes about the practice of genetic engineering to modify humans into another form that assemble the parts of humans and organisms or plants and can be made either terrestrial or aquatic or both. Within thousands of years, homo sapiens will disappear. This book goes deep into how human races change periodically with this modern form of engineering. The writer fails to provide t he evidence about the foreign genes acceptance. Consider the example of cross breeding in lion and tiger that results to the reproduction of liger. These animals although they are of different species, fall under same genus which means they have same number pairs of chromosomes. Thus, in genetic engineering, to bring the genetic characters of both organisms to the new one, the chromosome matching is necessary. The book Man after Man fails to incorporate ideas about how post humans resemble animals features despite the chromosomes pairing do not match. The rumors about genetic engineering are propagating around the corner of the world and it is equally important to determine the depth of those stereotypes and understand this field as the future of humans to create the society with the utmost civilization.          Genetic engineering is a boon to the society rather than a curse. Being a human, it is important to analyze how much power it conveys to find all answers to our questions regarding the disease cure, and so many wonders. To some point, the development and achievements we have gained and that we are not satisfied of, might be our prevailing intelligence which we think, needs to be boost up and this possibility gets a height after our mind encounters the concept of genetic engineering. We underestimate our intelligence and determine the strong intellectual ability genetically engineered human possess. Time has arrived to be positive towards our own intelligence and considering the right use of genetic engineering so that we will be living a life we want. Ladder like DNA whose combination make genes are required to be used effectively to share the value of resulting outcomes.
Sunday, May 10, 2020
One Of The First Things Children Learn In School Is How
One of the first things children learn in school is how to read and write. These are integral literacy skills that students will build their whole lives. The question is, how do we properly teach these necessary skills to our students? As a teacher, we must understand all the learning theories to better address the literacy development of our students. Students need to have interesting, engaging, proper-leveled books to learn how to read. Writing made fun by teaching lessons such as writer’s workshops, creating their own books, and writing to pen pals, keeps students interest in developing their skills. When student learn the basic foundations of literacy they can develop their skills further and reach a high level of thinking. Literacy†¦show more content†¦I personally believe that student’s literacy development is dependent on their teacher, school district, and home life. Each of these factors can directly affect how students learn literacy. If the student has a teacher that does not understand their literacy needs they can fall behind and struggle in the future. They need a teacher who will take time with them and create a positive literacy environment. If they are in a school district that does not put an importance on early literacy skills they will also fall behind because those basic skills are necessary to build upon high-level literacy skills. If students have parents that are illiterate they will have a harder time with literacy development. They will not have people at home reading to them or there to help them read. This is very difficult for the student and they may not achieve at the same level as students that have more than 100 books at home, parents that read to them every day, and access at home to literacy help. Establishing a literate environment is very important in students’ literacy development. A classroom must have a large array of literature from all genres as well as in the students’ literacy level. It is important to have literature in the classroom for students to learn from. They will learn how to sound out words, identify letters, and put letter sounds together to form words. Literacy groups are great tools for students, as they get a littleShow MoreRelatedEssay on Philosophy on Education1029 Words  | 5 PagesPhilosophy on Education Education what is it? Is it only, how it is defined, as the imparting and acquiring of knowledge through teaching and learning? Is education only something you receive in a school. Education to me begins at birth; a journey that has begun, as you experience new things you learn and grow mentally and emotionally. By the time a child begins school they have learned a multitude of things which include a number of things like walking, speaking, listening this is just the beginningRead MoreMoving to a New Country! 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(Mitra, 2013) Sometimes it might have a negative side because itRead MoreMy Paper On Is Educational Psychology1545 Words  | 7 Pages The topic pertinent to psychology that i chose to do my paper on is educational psychology. Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn and retain knowledge, primarily in educational settings like classrooms. This branch not only involves just the learning process of early childhood and adolescence but it also involves the social, emotional, and cognitive learning processes that are involved in humans throughout their entire lifespan. Educational psychology combines numerous amountsRead MoreMeta Cognitive Observation1736 Words  | 7 Pagesstudents â€Å"learn how to learn.†Metacognition is important, human uses metacognition in thinking, problem solving, learning, etc. Metacognitive involves activities such as planning how to approach a given learning task, monitoring comprehension, and evaluating progress toward the completion of a task. 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The values (Lee 2013 p.3) ‘reflected in Te Whariki’s focus on equity and respect for children’s rights (and resp onsibilities), together with the aim of supporting children growing up in a democracy in which they will make a contribution.’ Two people who were given the responsibility to develop the curriculum were; Helen May and Margret Carr, and this was in 1991. The completed document was then published in 1996.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Bullying and Violence in the Workplace Free Essays
The problem, the results, and possible prevention strategies ill be presented based on an invited paper by Bowen, Private, and Bowie (201 1), â€Å"Reducing workplace violence by creating healthy workplace environments) and a peer-reviewed Journal article, â€Å"Effectiveness of Bullying and Violence Prevention Programs†(Stag, S. , Sheridan, D. , 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying and Violence in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bullying and workplace violence can be controlled if management takes appropriate steps toward early recognition, education, and preventive practices. Identifying the potential for violent behavior often concentrates on plotting the â€Å"bad apple†, the employee constantly contradicting authority, complaining, verbally busing others, gossiping. Or alienating staff. According to Bowen (2006) It may be a reaction to bad or unhealthy environment referred to as the â€Å"bad barrel†. The policies, procedures, and practices of an organization have recently come under scrutiny as a possible cause of workplace violence. If the atmosphere for nurses, other staff members, and even patients is oppressed, violent, or unsafe, then those affected may resort to violent behavior as a response mechanism. Management must be wiling to look at the tone and practices of the organization and evaluate staff perceptions. If the staff sees the organization in a negative light immediate steps must be taken to correct course and alter perception. Employee productivity and retention are tied closely to the staffs feelings toward the values and practices of the institute. Pride, esteem, excellence In service, caring, open-mindedness, team-spoilt, recognition of accomplishments, fairness In decisions, and constant development and improvements all solidify an employee’s loyalty and desire to produce excellence in all workplace activities. Bullying and potential violence can come in many forms both covert and overt. Some red flags would include an employee who has a noticeable change in behavior, verbalized threats, intimidation, harassment, and repeated confrontational behaviors. These individuals must be counseled since these changes may be signs of personal or social turmoil in the individual’s private life that is affecting workplace attitudes. If counseling, warnings, diffusing violence / anger management classes are not effective, the individual may face termination for the health and safety of him or herself as well as others (Libber, 2011). Many classifications of types of bullying have been used over the last 10 or more ears, One example Is the taxonomy developed by Earner and Hole (1997) which covers most of the commonly listed categories: I) threat to professional status, ii) (Discover, Mac Carjack, Kashmir, 2005, p 441). Lynn Libber in the Winter 2011 issue of Employment Relations Today offers four simple but concrete guidelines to address and curtail workplace bullying and violence that can be readily implemented by management. The list includes thorough background checks for all perspective employees watching for signs of previous violent behavior and discipline problems. Create a workplace â€Å"Violence Protection†logic. Communicate the policy to all employees and be sure to explain the forms of bullying and harassment (including internet / cyber bullying), the consequences of unacceptable behavior, and disciplinary steps leading to possible termination for repeat offenders. Train all new hires immediately during orientation and all other employees annually about ways to prevent (primary prevention), De-escalate (secondary prevention), and personally respond (tertiary prevention) to workplace violence and bullying (Bowen, Private, Bowie, 2011, p. 188). This would include arioso positive and negative reactions to bullying such as confronting the attacker or reporting to superior versus avoidance or quitting Job (Discover, Mac Carjack, castrate, 2005, p. 451). Once the implications and functions of violence in the workplace are fully understood by organizational managers, then an effective policy ad methodology can be created which will effectively address this spiraling problem, provide a safe environment for all, and raise the level of care within the institute. An introspective analysis of the current work climate ad changes that can be implemented to improve am spirit and loyalty will pave the way for better employee relationships, a stable, secure, and focused workforce. How to cite Bullying and Violence in the Workplace, Papers
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