The Canada s Health Care System Essay - 1764 Words

The Canada’s health care system is very interesting in the fact that it is government-funded and individuals are provided preventative care, medical treatments, dental surgery and other medical services with few exceptions. All citizens qualify for health coverage regardless of medical history, personal income or their standard of living. Medicare is Canada is a government funded universal health insurance established by legislation passed in 1957, 1966, and 1984. The Canadian healthcare system evolved, rising cost of hospital and medical services led citizens, progressive health professionals and some politicians to argue that healthcare was a social good not another purchasable commodity. This viewpoint was challenged by those who stated that individuals must take responsibility for their own healthcare needs through private, prepaid insurance plans and that the government should underwrite the cost for those who could not afford such benefits. The Canadian population is agi ng and the age of sex structure of Canada’s population has changed within the past 50 years. In the mid twentieth-century, the population distribution was pyramidal owing to the large number of young people but by 20016 the population structure ceased to resemble a pyramid as a result of the drop in fertility and the steady increase of life expectancy. In 2006 16 percent of the Canadian population consisted of young people under 15 years of age, 69 percent of persons aged 15-64 years, and 13 percentShow MoreRelatedCanada s Health Care System931 Words   |  4 PagesMaintaining the health of the nation is one of the priorities of societies throughout the world. Canada s health care system is an essential value for Canadians because it provides them equal rights when getting access to government-funded medical care. However, the system is a subject to severe criticism. A variety of factors, such as technological development, an aging population, and economic climate are a heav y burden on the health care budget. This, in turn, leads to limitation of certain typesRead MoreCanada s Health Care System1656 Words   |  7 Pagescomplete health care system is an important symbol to illustrate its peace and well development. Canada s health care system is considered as one of the best health care systems in the world. This system based on the people- oriented medical insurance concept. The starting point is to cure the sickness and to save the patient, regardless of their economic capacity. Also the Medical insurance has a lifetime effect and is completely transferred with person’s place of residence. Because Canada carriedRead MoreCanada s Health Care System2214 Words   |  9 PagesCanada has a publicly funded universal health care system in which accessibility to medical services for all eligible residents is guaranteed? The delivery of health care in Canada is regulated by the Canada Health Act, which requires that all insured persons have access to health services without having to pay a fee per use of a service. Canadians and Permanent Residents of Canada are covered by a provincial health plan in the province in which they reside; as such, Ontarians are insured and coveredRead MoreCanada s Health Care System2150 Words   |  9 Pages The Canada Health Act is a federal legislation enacted in 1984, delineating the terms of the Canadian universal health care system and what provinces must comply with in order to receive federal funding. It is important to point out that, although some of the funding and policies regulating the nation’s health care are provided by the federal government, it does not constitute a one-size-fits-all approach. Each of Canada’s ten provinces has the authority to regulate health care within their ownRead MoreCanada s Health Care System973 Words   |  4 PagesCanada’s health care system is one that formed in the 1950s and 60s, also known as Medicare. It is a system that Canada as a nation often takes pride in, as it is predominantly public with basic health care is available to all citizens, and has some aspects of the private system incorporated as well. Health care often occurs in terms that compare public versus private health care systems. After a thorough analysis of private health care associated with neo-conservatism, and public health care associatedRead MoreCanada s Health Care System2023 Words   |  9 Pagesknow that Canada has a universal health, but they don’t fully understand the aspects of their health care system and how it works for them. Canada’s health care system is bas ed around the Canada Health Act and aims to provide care for all medical necessary health services. With it being a universal health system it allow all citizens access to health care and that also means that it is publicly funded system. There has been many challenges that Canada has faces with the universal health system, but areRead MoreThe Formation Of Canada s Health Care System1028 Words   |  5 Pages Two-Tiered or not Two-Tiered- Is That Even the Question? Looking at the Future of Canada’s Health Care Kirstin Cain Sociology 101 Northwest Community College Two-Tiered or not Two-Tiered- Is That Even the Question? Looking at the Future of Canada’s Health Care One of the founding fathers of structural functionalism, Emile Durkheim, believed that society could be viewed as an entity whose parts, or institutions, needed to work well together as a whole and that society’s needs determined howRead MoreCanada s Health Care System3104 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction When health care is the case, the majority refers to Canada as a country with good health care. Canada might have free health care but this doesn’t mean that it serves its purpose without any flaws. As we all know some countries are well known all around the world for their health care system. Specifically talking about Canada’s health care system, there are many pros and cons that go with it. There are minor problems concerning health care, but for now we will talk about the major onesRead MoreA Brief Note On Canada s Health Care System Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Canada s health care system is a group of socialized health insurance plans that provides coverage to all Canadian citizens. It is publicly funded and administered on a provincial or territorial basis, within guidelines set by the federal government. Under the health care system, individual citizens are provided preventative care and medical treatments from primary care physicians as well as access to hospitals, dental surgery and additional medical services. With a few exceptionsRead MoreA Comparison Of The Unites States And Canada s Health Care System1765 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of the Unites States’ and Canada’s Health Care System America has a very disorganized and fragmented healthcare system while Canada has a very structured and established system. Since there is no healthcare system in the world that is considered perfect all countries implement polices that they believe will be the most beneficial for their residents, The United States’ and Canada’s systems are both constantly being reformed to fit the current needs their residents however there are

Improving a company Free Essays

Improving a company’s system helps aid in its success in today’s market as well as in the future of the company’s growth and stabilization. This new system that will enable the company to promptly accomplish these requirements without hesitation and will not interfere with the company’s time management protocols or add extra unneeded expenses. An information system that more specifically is â€Å"a network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server Servers are powerful computers or processes dedicated to managing disk drives (file rivers), printers (print servers), or network traffic (network servers). We will write a custom essay sample on Improving a company? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Clients are PC’s or workstations on which users run applications. Clients rely on servers for resources, such as files, devices, and even processing power. † (Whooped, 2014) The Trusted Computing Base (ETC) is the part of a system that is responsible for enforcing system-wide information security policies. The user can define user access to the trusted communication path, which allows secure communication between regular users and the ETC, by installing and using the ETC. The system administrator must determine how much trust can be given to a particular program. In the ring of trust model, the outer rings contain a lower level of security, and systems requiring higher levels of security are located inside the inner rings. To move from an outer ring into an inner ring, extra security mechanisms are encountered. † (Smith, 2013) the servers will be secure and have all the securities that Ordain would like and need. There will be little or no down time to create the new virtual servers and business will not be effected. Also the disaster recovery rate is much quicker in case of a crash. The information is backed up so in case of a crash the information can be derived quickly. The information gets to the end user much more quickly than having a physical server. Physical server machines get dirty and overloaded with old files and information that is no longer needed or wanted. All information passed through the organization will be encrypted to protect vital aspects of the company operations. The virtual machine running the share point will house the encryption piece for information traffic. Utilizing a virtual server in this aspect will allow end users to generate reports by department in real time with little or no help from an information technology professional. The use of firewalls and even a virtual firewall is also recommended to protect Radian’s information. â€Å"A virtual firewall is a firewall device or service that provides network traffic filtering and monitoring for virtual machines. A virtual firewall is deployed, executed and operated from a virtual machine. Virtual firewall formats include: Stand-alone software Integrated SO kernel component. A virtual security provider’s dedicated hardware platform A virtual firewall operates in a virtual area network (VAN) environment of connected virtual machines. A virtual firewall operates in two different modes: Bridge mode: Like a rotational firewall, this mode operates by diagnosing and monitoring all incoming and outgoing traffic bound for other virtual networks or machines. Hypocrites mode: In contrast, this mode is isolated from the actual network, resides in the core hypocrites kernel and monitors the virtual host machine’s incoming and outgoing traffic. † (Technophobia, Virtual Firewall, 2014) When placing all of the business information on a server along with all of the employee information the company will want it to be secure and readily available to use. When using a virtual server there is not complete control of the physical access of the database. On the other hand the information is no longer on easy identifiable physical systems. There are multiple layers of virtual securities. The data safeguards requirements are the same as a physical server. Information that requires more safeguards is available. Information can be encrypted, role based control, and secure in many ways. Cyber-attacks are all very real threats and can be protected against also. A firewall can encrypt data at the file system that the virtual machine then uses a much managed login procedure for added protection of data against compromise. Logs are also created for looking jack on to see who, where, and when certain data was accessed. Different levels of securities will be used for different levels of data importance. Administration roles will have more securities on them than someone at the data entry level. How to cite Improving a company?, Papers

Social Work Social Capital and Policy‐Making

Question: Discribe about the Social Work for Social Capital and Policyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Making. Answer: Introduction: Social pedagogy is the discipline of the academics that works on drawing the core theories of the related discipline such as sociology, education, philosophy, and psychology. The practice of social pedagogy is mainly concerned with the well-being, learning of the human being and society inclusion. The pedagogy term is derived from the Greek word pairs means child and again means bring up or lead (car, 2015)The concept of the social pedagogy is based on the values of humanity and childs image as competent and active agents and a human being that is resourceful. Cameron described the social pedagogy as the experimental learning of the children with heads, hands, and heart. The emergence of social pedagogy The social pedagogy is emerging to address or sort out the culture related problem through the means of education because every culture has its own problems that are unique to them; the solution of the social problems highly depends on context (Bksi, 2007). So the definition of the social pedagogy is the Function of the Society that is how a particular society thinks about the upbringing of the children, what the relationship between the person and the society is and how the person helps the marginalized and disadvantaged society members. The aims of the social pedagogy The aims of the social pedagogy can be clearly defined by the diamond model. This model describes that there is a diamond in all of us. This model symbolizes the underlining principles of the social pedagogy. As a human being, all humans are precious and have a great amount of knowledge, abilities, and skills (Breslau, 2003). Therefore, every individual has the potential to shine and social pedagogy support for the same. The social pedagogy has basic five aims that are well-being and happiness, relationship, holistic learning, and empowerment. Well-being and happiness: the main aim of the social pedagogy is to provide the well-being and happiness to the individual, not based on the short-term needs, but through the approach of right based substantially. However, the term well-being and happiness seem to be similar and one, but they are notionally different happiness defines the present state and well-being defines a long-term sense of the mental, physical, emotional and social well-being (Rosendal Jensen, 2013). The state of well-being and happiness are unique and subjective. So, this approach of the social pedagogy is context specific and responsive to individual need, not a fixed one. Holistic learning: the holistic learning reflects the aim of the well-being and happiness, it seems to be enhancing or contributing to the state of well-being. Holistic learning is more than that happened at school because it is a process of realization of the own potential for growth and learning that can happen at any stage that provides a learning opportunity (Ecclestone Brunila, 2015). The holistic learning is the lifelong process that involves heads, hands, and heart. Social pedagogy supports to create the learning opportunity, so, that the people can know about their own potential and works to develop them. Relationship: Pedagogic relationship is the centre of the above two aims. With the supportive relationship with the social pedagogy, the people feel that someone cares for him and have trust in him. This gives them the opportunity to have better relations with others. The pedagogic relationship is personal and professional at the same time. Empowerment: Along with the relationship, empowerment is critical to ensure that the people have a sense of control over their life, have a feeling of involvement in a decision that affects them. The empowerment supports to have the feeling that the people have the ability to take their own responsibilities and learning, well-being and happiness and relationship with the community (Sears, 2004). Positive experience: the social pedagogy should provide some positive experience to the individual. This positive experiencing power reinforces the individual to work for the above four aims. The practice for the social pedagogy The experts of the social pedagogy work with all age groups such as children, youth, and old age person. They worked in kindergarten, nurseries, children and youth service centre, play setting, children home and clubs of the youth. The worker of social pedagogy works in the service centre for the adults by interacting with the disadvantaged adults and communities such as substance users, ethnic minorities, homeless, imprisoned persons and unemployed and they also worked in the palliative care that supports the older person in a care centre or at home (Kamberelis, McGinley, Welker, 2015). But, it is logical that the methods used for the social pedagogy in all, these are different depending upon their target groups. Therefore, if the social pedagogy deals with the homeless, youth, the practice will be different. This practice is as follows. The homeless youth is mainly two types, short-term homelessness, and long-term homelessness. Short- term homelessness, youth stays on the roads, streets, with their friends or in emergency youth shelters and the return to their homes after two or three weeks or run away from their homes more than once in the short time period. The long-term homelessness means the youth leave their home for a longer time than a month and become street dependent or make their homes in parks, abounded buildings and under bridges. These types of youth require assistance to exit the homelessness to sort out the conflict between them and family (Khalifa, 2013). The practice or approach used to assist the homeless youth should be individualized and flexible. For everyone, the path of the independence is different and depending upon the different needs and desires at different ages. There are two methods of social pedagogy for the homeless youth. Proactive family reconciliation: this method used for the short-term homelessness and focus on the counselling the youth and the parents or caretaker to manage the problems because of which the youth leave their homes. The purpose of the family reconciliation is to improve the relationship in the family that force the youth to come back to home in the most supportive environment (Khalifa, 2013). The family reconciliation is the best method because a maximum of the youth come back to their home through this method. It should be remembered that the family reconciliation is not always the best method because sometimes the environment of the home is unsafe for the youth. Traditional housing and supportive service that are youth-centred: this type of the practice is used for the long-term homelessness and the youth under the age of 18. The services of housing, supportive system, and service of guidance are provided to them, the youth that cannot move to their homes. This practice helps the homeless youth to improve their skills and become an independent adult (Kitagawa, 2016). The case management through the individualization and the assessment of the needs of the homeless youth are the best way to meet the requirement of the needs of the homeless youth. The research of SIR shows that the effective programs for both types of homelessness are based on youth development, positively, flexibility, relationship building, cultural competence and trauma-informed care. Conclusion The social pedagogy is the practice that supports to improve the relationship in society, holistic learning, empowerment, and so on. It helps the individual to provide well-being and happiness. This social pedagogic worker works for all ages people and tries to improve their social living, relation and potentiate their skills for their state of well-being and happiness (Razack, 2009). They provide the holistic learning practice that will help to improve their learning skills and leads them in their growth way. References Bksi, K. (2007). Social capital and policyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ making: taking theory into practice.Pedagogy, Culture Society,15(1), 135-138. Breslau, D. (2003). Rationalizing Strategy: Game Theory in Management Pedagogy and Practice.Social Analysis,47(1). Ecclestone, K. Brunila, K. (2015). Governing emotionally vulnerable subjects and therapisation of social justice.Pedagogy, Culture Society,23(4), 485-506. Kamberelis, G., McGinley, W., Welker, A. (2015). Literature Discussions as Mangles of Practice: Sociological Theories of Emergence and/in Dialogic Learning Events.Dialogic Pedagogy: An International Online Journal,3. Khalifa, M. (2013). Creating Spaces for Urban Youth: The Emergence of Culturally Responsive (Hip-Hop) School Leadership and Pedagogy.Multicultural Learning And Teaching,8(2). Kitagawa, K. (2016). Situating preparedness education within public pedagogy.Pedagogy, Culture Society, 1-13. Razack, N. (2009). Decolonizing the pedagogy and practice of international social work.International Social Work,52(1), 9-21. Rosendal Jensen, N. (2013). Social pedagogy in modern times.Education Policy Analysis Archives,21, 43. Sears, J. (2004). A Social Frontier for Curriculum Workers.Journal Of Curriculum And Pedagogy,1(1), 32-35. car, X. (2015). Social pedagogy in the UK: theory and practice.European Journal Of Social Work,19(2), 297-299.

Martin Brian Mulroney Essays - Brian Mulroney,

Martin Brian Mulroney Martin Brian Mulroney became the 18th prime minister of Canada on September 17, 1984, after his party, the Progressive Conservatives won the greatest parliamentary victory ever in Canadian history. Mulroney was born in 1939, the son of an electrician, in the paper mill town of Baie Comeau, Quebec. Mulroney attended a very strict military type all boys' school until the age of 16 when he entered Saint Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. There he earned an honor degree in political science. While at St. FX he was active in on campus politics. During his first year he became a member of the youth wing of the P.C. Party of Nova Scotia. Before he graduated he was to become the Prime Minister of St. FX's famous mock Parliament, a position that had been held for years by Liberal students. After graduation he studied law at Dalhousie in Halifax and later at Laval University in Quebec, from which he graduated in 1962. It was during these years in Quebec that Mulroney became known as the life of the party. He frequented most Montreal nightclubs and was quite a lady's man. Mulroney also became a slightly more than social drinker. After becoming a lawyer in 1965 he joined a prestigious law firm known as Cate Ogilvy, later becoming a partner in that firm. In May 1973 at the age of 34 he married a beautiful 20 year old Mila Pivnicki, daughter of Yugoslav immigrants. The Mulroneys would go on to have three children. Mulroney worked energetically for the Progressive Conservative Party as a young lawyer, serving on the party's finance and policy committees and on its 1968 and 1972 campaign committees. He first came into the public eye in 1974 as a member of the Cliche Royal Commission, which investigated corruption and violence in the Quebec construction industry. Also involved in this commission was Mulroney's friend and future Quebec premier Lucien Bouchard. Although Mulroney had not yet held public office, he ran for election as Conservative leader at the party's 1976 national convention. He waged a vigorous and expensive campaign but lost to Joe Clark after being critisized as the Cadillac Cantidate for spending so much money. Following this failure, Mulroney became very depressed and bitter. This was a very bleak time in his life. His drinking and his tongue often got him in trouble. During this period he would often attend social events, get very drunk, and make an ass of himself. He took the Leadership loss very personally and it almost ruined him. A few years after taking the job of President of the Iron Ore Company of Canada in 1977 he decided that he would clean himself up. He went to special Alcoholics Anonomous meetings for famous people who didn't want the world to know they had a problem. After this time in his life he almost never had a drink and never repeated his drunken outbursts at any social functions. During his years as a corporate executive, Mulroney remained active in politics, taking every occasion to increase his visibility among the public and to gain support from within the party for his upcoming leadership bid. In 1982, because of an economic depression, the Iron Ore Company of Canada was forced to close one of its mining and milling towns in Quebec. At first this appeared to be a disastrous political setback for Mulroney. However, he turned it into a public relations triumph by making the people of the town in question believe that there were other alternatives when there were none and by negotiating generous settlements for the workers who had lost their jobs. This earned him respect and won him general support and his reputation as an expert labor lawyer and industrial relations specialist was enhanced. After the election most of his promises were shown to be false hopes but by that time the people had already decided. In mid-1983 Clark's leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party was being questioned, forcing him to call a national party convention and leadership review. Brian Mulroney was again a candidate, and he campaigned more shrewdly than he had done seven years before. He actually had been paying people to ruin Clarks chances

Grass essays

Grass essays Grass is one of the most important things in life. Without grass there would rarely be a world fit to live in for many insects and worms. Grass is a crucial part of the lives of many insects. Without good, healthy grass, many insects die or try to move to more healthy grass. Europeans advances to conquer and take over the Native Americans, Africans, and the land that they lived on. These different worlds came together finally after living all of those years in peace, not aware of each other. As a result of the communication barrier, they fought because everyone felt threatened. When the Europeans first came to America and ran into the Native Americans the Natives felt threatened. They could not communicate with the Europeans and had never seen anyone whom did not look like themselves. Therefore they attempted to defend themselves and fight the Europeans off. However, the Europeans were way to advanced with their weaponry that they just ended up killing off most of the Native Americans. They also ended up taking the land, which originally belonged to the Natives, for themselves. When these two worlds collided, they fought and one unique group of people was virtually wiped off of the face of the world. When the Europeans first went to Africa they were greeted by a completely different people who again looked different and were not understandable. Frustration on both sides existed again. However, this time the Europeans felt that they could use these people and make money having the Africans work for them. This is exactly just what they did. They were able to make so much money off of the work of Africans who were made slaves by the Europeans. The title When Worlds Collide would be a good title for a chapter talking about the encounter of the Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans. Using the word worlds makes a clear point as to how different each group of people were. It wa...

How to Talk About Failure in a Job Interview

How to Talk About Failure in a Job Interview When you’re putting together your resume and getting ready for an interview, you focus on making yourself look as perfect as possible. This is not a process where you want to let self-doubt and self-esteem issues creep in. Yet all that positive thinking and prep can be undone by one or two little questions in an interview. â€Å"Where could you use some improvement?† Or, â€Å"Can you tell me about a time when you failed.† After positioning yourself as kind of an uber-candidate, this can be a tricky navigation. You want to show an appropriate amount of honesty and humility, but who likes reliving past failures, let alone disclosing them to a potential employer? There are ways to do it that can help you get past these spots, without derailing your image as a confident, competent interviewee. Here are some things to consider when you talk about failure in a job interview.DO take it seriously.â€Å"I’m addicted to Mountain Dew† is not the way to go her e. The interviewer is trying to get a sense of your level of self-awareness, and whether or not there are any red flags or major gaps.DON’T use a clichà ©d comeback.â€Å"I care too much.† â€Å"I work too hard.† â€Å"I am too dedicated to my job.† The interviewer isn’t looking for a beauty pageant answer†¦he or she is looking for someone who can be frank about shortcomings, and self-aware enough to try to overcome them. Backdoor bragging that tries to show that you’re just too well-liked or too diligent at work will most likely earn you an eye roll.DO be honest†¦It’s okay to admit you’re not perfect. This is one question in an interview that is 99% about your accomplishments and qualifications, so approach it honestly and candidly. The interviewer will appreciate your candidness.†¦But DON’T treat it like a confession.This is not the time to list all of your drawbacks. (Unless you’re applying for the CIA, in which case you might as well be honest, because they will find out.) Ahead of time, think about one or two areas where you know you need improvement, and make sure they’re not red flag-worthy. For example, if you’re not great with numbers, don’t answer the question with, â€Å"I suck at math.† Basically, anything that makes you seem â€Å"bad† at something is not the right choice here.DO perform the spin-pivot move.Whatever you do go with, make sure you use it to emphasize strengths you do have. With the bad-at-math example, you can emphasize that you prefer creative problem solving to hard-and-fast numbers. Frame it as a choice between A (weakness) and B (strength), and talk about how you’d choose B.DON’T use anything in the basic job description as your weakness.If you despise being around kids, and are applying for an elementary school position, well- what are you doing there? But more importantly, if you’re aske d about an area where you could improve, mention that you’re always looking to improve your ability to relate to students.DO emphasize that you’re a work in progress.Part of what an interviewer is trying to assess is your growth potential. When you talk about any challenges or areas of improvement you have, be sure to say that you’re aware of your limitations in X area, and that you’re constantly seeking to be better/more efficient/stronger.DO avoid using words like â€Å"weakness,† even if the interviewer uses it first.Instead, frame it as a challenge, or avoid using negative nouns altogether.Getting past this moment in an interview can be awkward, but if you do some thinking ahead of time about your challenges and how you plan to turn those into strengths, you should be back in safe, â€Å"I’m awesome† territory in no time.

Critical Leadership Competencies Needed in 2020 Assignment

Critical Leadership Competencies Needed in 2020 - Assignment Example Johnson & Army War College (2000) assert that there has to be accountability in leadership because of the dynamic nature of the society. It is recommendable for a leader to have persuasive skills and be open to other people’s ideology. Understanding future leadership indicates that a leader should have a formidable followership. This is attainable only when the boundaries of the expectations of leadership are defined. According to Marx (2006), learning has to be continuous in the leadership approaches in future. Respect will be mandatory for both parties to benefit from leadership; honesty will be a plus. Competition in the society is forcing leaders to exude positivism in the attitude. As such, the leader has to be friendlier in his approach to command a following in the current society. Leadership will be complicated because of the introduction of measures for monitoring performance. Globalization will influence leadership in various ways. It will lead to the introduction of technology that forces leadership to devise new strategies of handling organizational challenges (Hesselbein, Goldsmith & LLI, 2006). Diversification due to interaction of people in the globe requires a leader to be versatile and informed. Technological programs that assist in decision-making will alter leadership needs in an organization. External changes such as the use of technology in management will revolutionize leadership to a more inclusive

Reflection Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection - Case Study Example In addition, the author has explored the roles of managers, CFO’s, and strategists in ensuring that the aspects of competitive advantage and shareholder value coexist well in their companies. The author of this article has also discussed the aspects of short-term and long-term measures of earnings in a company. According to the author, most managers believe in short-term measures and dismiss the long-term. However, the author proves that it is important for a manager to focus on long-term valuations of cash flow. A major reason is that long-term orientation takes into account various important aspects in the market; include the pricing mechanism of the market. This article has a considerable relationship with basic financial management. Overall, the article addresses an aspect that involves planning and directing the use of the financial resources of a company. This includes all cash acquired from lenders and investors, as well as the cash obtained through the operations of the company. The author has tied this role to the Chief Financial Officer and other managers responsible. The responsibility of financial management in a company belongs to senior financial officers and/or owner of the company. Therefore, the author has tied this role to the responsible and relevant parties. The content of this article also to a larger extent addresses the aspect of cash management, which is important in Financial Management. For instance, in the article, the focus on cash flows in a company and how it affects company productivity and competitive advantage sheds light on the important practices that financial managers should adopt in order to ensure increased productivity, competitive advantage, and shareholder value for the company. The content of the article also addresses an important aspect in financial management, planning and forecasting. For instance, in the long-term orientation, the author notes that in order to have an accurate view of market pricing,

Parallel Computer Architecture Essay Example for Free

Parallel Computer Architecture Essay â€Å"Parallel computing† is a science of calculation t countless computational directives are being â€Å"carried out† at the same time, working on the theory that big problems can time and again be split â€Å"into smaller ones†, that are subsequently resolved â€Å"in parallel†. We come across more than a few diverse type of â€Å"parallel computing: bit-level parallelism, instruction-level parallelism, data parallelism, and task parallelism†. (Almasi, G. S. and A. Gottlieb, 1989) Parallel Computing has been employed for several years, for the most part in high-performance calculation, but awareness about the same has developed in modern times owing to the fact that substantial restriction averts rate of recurrence scale. Parallel computing has turned out to be the leading prototype in â€Å"computer architecture, mostly in the form of multicore processors†. On the other hand, in modern times, power utilization by parallel computers has turned into an alarm. Parallel computers can be generally categorized in proportion â€Å"to the level at which the hardware† sustains parallelism; â€Å"with multi-core and multi-processor workstations† encompassing several â€Å"processing† essentials inside a solitary mechanism at the same time â€Å"as clusters, MPPs, and grids† employ several workstations â€Å"to work on† the similar assignment. (Hennessy, John L. , 2002) Parallel computer instructions are very complicated to inscribe than chronological ones, for the reason that from synchronization commence more than a few new modules of prospective software virus, of which race situations are mainly frequent. Contact and association amid the dissimilar associate assignments is characteristically one of the supreme obstructions to receiving superior analogous program routine. The acceleration of a program due to parallelization is specified by Amdahls law which will be later on explained in detail. Background of parallel computer architecture Conventionally, computer software has been inscribed for sequential calculation. In order to find the resolution to a â€Å"problem†, â€Å"an algorithm† is created and executed â€Å"as a sequential stream† of commands. These commands are performed on a CPU on one PC. No more than one command may be implemented at one time, after which the command is completed, the subsequent command is implemented. (Barney Blaise, 2007) Parallel computing, conversely, utilizes several processing fundamentals at the same time to find a solution to such problems. This is proficiently achieved by splitting â€Å"the problem into† autonomous divisions with the intention that every â€Å"processing† factor is capable of carrying out its fraction â€Å"of the algorithm† concurrently by means of the other processing factor. The processing† fundamentals can be varied and comprise properties for example a solitary workstation with several processors, numerous complex workstations, dedicated hardware, or any amalgamation of the above. (Barney Blaise, 2007) Incidence balancing was the leading cause for enhancement in computer routine starting sometime in the mid-1980s and continuing till â€Å"2004†. â€Å"The runtime† of a series of instructions is equivalent to the amount of commands reproduced through standard instance for each command. Retaining the whole thing invariable, escalating the clock occurrence reduces the standard time it acquires to carry out a command. An enhancement in occurrence as a consequence reduces runtime intended for all calculation bordered program. (David A. Patterson, 2002) â€Å"Moores Law† is the pragmatic examination that â€Å"transistor† compactness within a microchip is changed twofold approximately every 2 years. In spite of power utilization issues, and frequent calculations of its conclusion, Moores law is still effective to all intents and purposes. With the conclusion of rate of recurrence leveling, these supplementary transistors that are no more utilized for occurrence leveling can be employed to include additional hardware for parallel division. (Moore, Gordon E, 1965) Amdahl’s Law and Gustafson’s Law: Hypothetically, the expedition from parallelization should be linear, repeating the amount of dispensation essentials should divide the â€Å"runtime†, and repeating it subsequent â€Å"time and again† dividing â€Å"the runtime†. On the other hand, very a small number of analogous algorithms attain most favorable acceleration. A good number â€Å"of them have a near-linear† acceleration for little figures of â€Å"processing† essentials that levels out into a steady rate for big statistics of â€Å"processing† essentials. The possible acceleration of an â€Å"algorithm on a parallel† calculation stage is described by â€Å"Amdahls law†, initially devised by â€Å"Gene Amdahl† sometime â€Å"in the 1960s†. (Amdahl G. , 1967) It affirms that a little segment of the â€Å"program† that cannot be analogous will bound the general acceleration obtainable from â€Å"parallelization†. Whichever big arithmetical or manufacturing problem is present, it will characteristically be composed of more than a few â€Å"parallelizable† divisions and quite a lot of â€Å"non-parallelizable† or â€Å"sequential† divisions. This association is specified by the â€Å"equation S=1/ (1-P) where S† is the acceleration of the â€Å"program† as an aspect of its unique chronological â€Å"runtime†, and â€Å"P† is the division which is â€Å"parallelizable†. If the chronological segment of â€Å"a program is 10% â€Å"of the start up duration, one is able to acquire merely a 10 times acceleration, in spite of of how many computers are appended. This sets a higher bound on the expediency of adding up further parallel implementation components. â€Å"Gustafsons law† is a different â€Å"law in computer† education, narrowly connected to â€Å"Amdahls law†. It can be devised as â€Å"S(P) = P ? (P-1) where P† is the quantity of â€Å"processors†, S is the acceleration, and ? the â€Å"non-parallelizable† fraction of the procedure. â€Å"Amdahls law† supposes a permanent â€Å"problem† volume and that the volume of the chronological division is autonomous of the quantity of â€Å"processors†, while â€Å"Gustafsons law† does not construct these suppositions. Applications of Parallel Computing Applications are time and again categorized in relation to how frequently their associative responsibilities require coordination or correspondence with every one. An application demonstrates superior grained parallelism if its associative responsibilities ought to correspond several times for each instant; it shows commonly grained parallelism if they do not correspond at several instances for each instant, and it is inadequately equivalent if they hardly ever or by no means have to correspond. Inadequately parallel claims are measured to be uncomplicated to parallelize. Parallel encoding languages and parallel processor have to have a uniformity representation that can be more commonly described as a â€Å"memory model†. The uniformity â€Å"model† describes regulations for how procedures on processor â€Å"memory† take place and how consequences are formed. One of the primary uniformity â€Å"models† was a chronological uniformity model made by Leslie Lamport. Chronological uniformity is the condition of â€Å"a parallel program that it’s parallel† implementation generates the similar consequences as a â€Å"sequential† set of instructions. Particularly, a series of instructions is sequentially reliable as Leslie Lamport states that if the consequence of any implementation is equal as if the procedures of all the â€Å"processors† were carried out in some â€Å"sequential† array, and the procedure of every entity workstation emerges in this series in the array detailed by its series of instructions. Leslie Lamport, 1979) Software contractual memory is a familiar form of constancy representation. Software contractual memory has access to database hypothesis the notion of infinitesimal connections and relates them to â€Å"memory† contact. Scientifically, these â€Å"models† can be symbolized in more than a few approaches. Petri nets, which were established in the physician hypothesis of Carl Adam Petri some time in 1960, happen to be a premature effort to cipher the set of laws of uniformity models. Dataflow hypothesis later on assembled upon these and Dataflow structural designs were formed to actually put into practice the thoughts of dataflow hypothesis. Commencing â€Å"in the late 1970s†, procedure of â€Å"calculi† for example â€Å"calculus of† corresponding structures and corresponding â€Å"sequential† procedures were build up to authorize arithmetical interpretation on the subject of classification created of interrelated mechanisms. More current accompaniments to the procedure â€Å"calculus family†, for example the â€Å"? calculus†, have additionally the ability for explanation in relation to dynamic topologies. Judgments for instance Lamports TLA+, and arithmetical representations for example sketches and Actor resultant drawings, have in addition been build up to explain the performance of simultaneous systems. (Leslie Lamport, 1979) One of the most important classifications of recent times is that in which Michael J. Flynn produced one of the most basic categorization arrangements for parallel and sequential processors and set of instructions, at the present recognized as â€Å"Flynns taxonomy†. Flynn† categorized â€Å"programs† and processors by means of propositions if they were working by means of a solitary set or several â€Å"sets of instructions†, if or not those commands were utilizing â€Å"a single or multiple sets† of information. â€Å"The single-instruction-single-data (SISD)† categorization is corresponding to a completely sequential process. â€Å"The single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD)† categorization is similar to doing the analogous procedure time after time over a big â€Å"data set†. This is usually completed in â€Å"signal† dispensation application. Multiple-instruction-single-data (MISD)† is a hardly ever employed categorization. While computer structural designs to manage this were formulated for example systolic arrays, a small number of applications that relate to this set appear. â€Å"Multiple-instruction-multiple-data (MIMD)† set of instructions are without a doubt the for the most part frequent sort of parallel procedures. (Hennessy, John L. , 2002) Types of Parallelism There are essentially in all 4 types of â€Å"Parallelism: Bit-level Parallelism, Instruction level Parallelism, Data Parallelism and Task Parallelism. Bit-Level Parallelism†: As long as 1970s till 1986 there has been the arrival of very-large-scale integration (VLSI) microchip manufacturing technology, and because of which acceleration in computer structural design was determined by replication of â€Å"computer word† range; the â€Å"amount of information† the computer can carry out for each sequence. (Culler, David E, 1999) Enhancing the word range decreases the quantity of commands the computer must carry out to execute an action on â€Å"variables† whose ranges are superior to the span of the â€Å"word†. or instance, where an â€Å"8-bit† CPU must append two â€Å"16-bit† figures, the central processing unit must initially include the â€Å"8 lower-order† fragments from every numeral by means of the customary calculation order, then append the â€Å"8 higher-order† fragments employing an â€Å"add-with-carry† command and the carry fragment from the lesser arr ay calculation; therefore, an â€Å"8-bit† central processing unit necessitates two commands to implement a solitary process, where a â€Å"16-bit† processor possibly will take only a solitary command unlike â€Å"8-bit† processor to implement the process. In times gone by, â€Å"4-bit† microchips were substituted with â€Å"8-bit†, after that â€Å"16-bit†, and subsequently â€Å"32-bit† microchips. This tendency usually approaches a conclusion with the initiation of â€Å"32-bit† central processing units, which has been a typical in wide-ranging principles of calculation for the past 20 years. Not until in recent times that with the arrival of â€Å"x86-64† structural designs, have â€Å"64-bit† central processing unit developed into ordinary. (Culler, David E, 1999) In â€Å"Instruction level parallelism a computer program† is, basically a flow of commands carried out by a central processing unit. These commands can be rearranged and coalesced into clusters which are then implemented in â€Å"parallel† devoid of altering the effect of the â€Å"program†. This is recognized as â€Å"instruction-level parallelism†. Progress in â€Å"instruction-level parallelism† subjugated â€Å"computer† structural design as of the median of 1980s until the median of 1990s. Contemporary processors have manifold phase instruction channels. Each phase in the channel matches up to a dissimilar exploit the central processing unit executes on that channel in that phase; a central processing unit with an â€Å"N-stage† channel can have equal â€Å"to N† diverse commands at dissimilar phases of conclusion. The â€Å"canonical† illustration of a channeled central processing unit is a RISC central processing unit, with five phases: Obtaining the instruction, deciphering it, implementing it, memory accessing, and writing back. In the same context, the Pentium 4 central processing unit had a phase channel. Culler, David E, 1999) Additionally to instruction-level parallelism as of pipelining, a number of central processing units can copy in excess of one command at an instance. These are acknowledged as superscalar central processing units. Commands can be clustered jointly simply â€Å"if there is no data† reliance amid them. â€Å"Scoreboarding† and the â€Å"Tomasulo algorithm† are two of the main frequent modus operandi for putting into practice inoperative implementation and â€Å"instruction-level parallelism†. Data parallelism† is â€Å"parallelism† intrinsic in â€Å"program† spheres, which center on allocating the â€Å"data† transversely to dissimilar â€Å"computing† nodules to be routed in parallel. Parallelizing loops often leads to similar (not necessarily identical) operation sequences or functions being performed on elements of a large data structure. (Culler, David E, 1999) A lot of technical and manufacturing applications display data â€Å"parallelism†. â€Å"Task parallelism† is the feature of a â€Å"parallel† agenda that completely dissimilar computation can be carried out on both the similar or dissimilar â€Å"sets† of information. This distinguishes by way of â€Å"data parallelism†; where the similar computation is carried out on the identical or unlike sets of information. â€Å"Task parallelism† does more often than not balance with the dimension of a quandary. (Culler, David E, 1999) Synchronization and Parallel slowdown: Associative chores in a parallel plan are over and over again identified as threads. A number of parallel computer structural designs utilize slighter, insubstantial editions of threads recognized as fibers, at the same time as others utilize larger editions acknowledged as processes. On the other hand, threads is by and large acknowledged as a nonspecific expression for associative jobs. Threads will frequently require updating various variable qualities that is common among them. The commands involving the two plans may be interspersed in any arrangement. A lot of parallel programs necessitate that their associative jobs proceed in harmony. This entails the employment of an obstruction. Obstructions are characteristically put into practice by means of a â€Å"software lock†. One category of â€Å"algorithms†, recognized as â€Å"lock-free and wait-free algorithms†, on the whole keeps away from the utilization of bolts and obstructions. On the other hand, this advancement is usually easier said than done as to the implementation it calls for properly intended data organization. Not all parallelization consequences in acceleration. By and large, as a job is divided into increasing threads, those threads expend a growing segment of their instant corresponding with each one. Sooner or later, the transparency from statement controls the time exhausted resolving the problem, and supplementary parallelization which is in reality, dividing the job weight in excess of still more threads that amplify more willingly than reducing the quantity of time compulsory to come to an end. This is acknowledged as parallel deceleration. Central â€Å"memory in a parallel computer† is also â€Å"shared memory† that is common among all â€Å"processing† essentials in a solitary â€Å"address space†, or â€Å"distributed memory† that is wherein all processing components have their individual confined address space. Distributed memories consult the actuality that the memory is rationally dispersed, however time and again entail that it is bodily dispersed also. â€Å"Distributed shared memory† is an amalgamation of the two hypotheses, where the â€Å"processing† component has its individual confined â€Å"memory† and right of entry to the â€Å"memory† on non-confined â€Å"processors†. Admittance to confined â€Å"memory† is characteristically quicker than admittance to non-confined â€Å"memory†. Conclusion: A mammoth change is in progress that has an effect on all divisions of the parallel computing architecture. The present traditional course in the direction of multicore will eventually come to a standstill, and finally lasting, the trade will shift quickly on the way to a lot of interior drawing end enclosing hundreds or thousands of cores for each fragment. The fundamental incentive for assuming parallel computing is motivated by power restrictions for prospective system plans. The alteration in structural design are also determined by the association of market dimensions and assets that go with new CPU plans, from the desktop PC business in the direction of the customer electronics function.

Tone-Deafness Essay -- Hearing Auditory Senses Essays

Tone-Deafness Few people know the range of the different types of tone deafness. However, many people think they have it. Tone deafness is does not refer to a problem with the ears, but to a lack of training. Tone deafness is easy to fix by training the ears and the vocal muscles. Lancet is a music professor in Boston who is tone-deaf (Lancet 2001). Lancet express, "tone deafness is a term that tends to be applied indiscriminately to a constellation of music processing, perceptual, and production deficits" (Lancet 2001). This paper will examine the tone-deafness real-life terms, the past and current research, and current direction which all contribute to its need for exploration. Tone-deaf people live from early in life with tone-deaf. The ability to hear a pitch and sing it back is similar to hand-eye coordination. Lancet states, "it is voice-ear coordination" (p.779). Neither one of these abilities are born into us, we have to learn them. Babies do not have hand-eye coordination. If a person holds a toy in front of an infant, he or she can see in the baby's eyes that she wants the toy. For example, my ten-month-old cousin cannot determine the distance where the object is located. His hands flail around randomly, missing the target. He has not yet learned to coordinate his hands and eyes. If he does this often enough, however, he will eventually learn. Lancet explains, "the human brain is very good at remembering which of these incredibly complex muscle contractions results in a score" (Lancet 2001). So next time he reaches for something, it does not take quite as long. My cousin continues to have a one in three chance when reaching for an object (p. 784). B y the time, he is a toddler, it would be inconceivable that he c... ...n how to look past their tone-deafness. References DeBellis, Mark. (2000). What is musical institution? Tonal theory as cognitive science. New York Academy of Sciences, 4, 471-489. Gandour, Jack. (2000). A Cross line Study of Tone Perception. Developmental Psychology,12, 207-220. Kazez, Daniel. (2000). Hearing in the Elderly: A Population study Audicion en la senectud: un estudio poblacional. Music Educators Journal, 71, 46. Lancet, Mike. (2001). A good excuse to give up those music lessons. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 357, 777-784. Moore, Brain C. J. (2000). An Introduction to the psychology of hearing. Academic Press, Inc, 3, 322. Peretz, Isabelle. (2001). Brain specialization for music. New evidence from congenital Amusia. New York Academy of Sciences, 8, 243-246. Wong, Donald. (2001). Audiology. Journal of Communication, 6, 6. Tone-Deafness Essay -- Hearing Auditory Senses Essays Tone-Deafness Few people know the range of the different types of tone deafness. However, many people think they have it. Tone deafness is does not refer to a problem with the ears, but to a lack of training. Tone deafness is easy to fix by training the ears and the vocal muscles. Lancet is a music professor in Boston who is tone-deaf (Lancet 2001). Lancet express, "tone deafness is a term that tends to be applied indiscriminately to a constellation of music processing, perceptual, and production deficits" (Lancet 2001). This paper will examine the tone-deafness real-life terms, the past and current research, and current direction which all contribute to its need for exploration. Tone-deaf people live from early in life with tone-deaf. The ability to hear a pitch and sing it back is similar to hand-eye coordination. Lancet states, "it is voice-ear coordination" (p.779). Neither one of these abilities are born into us, we have to learn them. Babies do not have hand-eye coordination. If a person holds a toy in front of an infant, he or she can see in the baby's eyes that she wants the toy. For example, my ten-month-old cousin cannot determine the distance where the object is located. His hands flail around randomly, missing the target. He has not yet learned to coordinate his hands and eyes. If he does this often enough, however, he will eventually learn. Lancet explains, "the human brain is very good at remembering which of these incredibly complex muscle contractions results in a score" (Lancet 2001). So next time he reaches for something, it does not take quite as long. My cousin continues to have a one in three chance when reaching for an object (p. 784). B y the time, he is a toddler, it would be inconceivable that he c... ...n how to look past their tone-deafness. References DeBellis, Mark. (2000). What is musical institution? Tonal theory as cognitive science. New York Academy of Sciences, 4, 471-489. Gandour, Jack. (2000). A Cross line Study of Tone Perception. Developmental Psychology,12, 207-220. Kazez, Daniel. (2000). Hearing in the Elderly: A Population study Audicion en la senectud: un estudio poblacional. Music Educators Journal, 71, 46. Lancet, Mike. (2001). A good excuse to give up those music lessons. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 357, 777-784. Moore, Brain C. J. (2000). An Introduction to the psychology of hearing. Academic Press, Inc, 3, 322. Peretz, Isabelle. (2001). Brain specialization for music. New evidence from congenital Amusia. New York Academy of Sciences, 8, 243-246. Wong, Donald. (2001). Audiology. Journal of Communication, 6, 6.

Mechanical Ventilation

mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing. Mechanical ventilation,is typically used after an invasive intubation, a procedure wherein an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube is inserted into the airway. It is used in acute settings such as in the ICU for a short period of time during a serious illness. It may be used at home or in a nursing or rehabilitation institution if patients have chronic illnesses that require long-term ventilation assistance. The main form of mechanical ventilation is positive pressure ventilation, which works by increasing the pressure in the patient's airway and thus forcing air into the lungs. Less common today are negative pressure ventilators (for example, the â€Å"iron lung†) that create a negative pressure environment around the patient's chest, thus sucking air into the lungs. Mechanical ventilation is often a life-saving intervention, but carries many potential complications including pneumothorax, airway injury, alveolar damage, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. citation needed] For this reason the pressure and volume of gas used is strictly controlled, and reduced as soon as possible. ( [pic]intubation refers to the placement of a tube into an external or internal ifice of the body. Although the term can refer to endoscopic procedures, it is most often used to denote tracheal intubation. Tracheal intubation is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea to protect the p atient's airway and provide a means of mechanical ventilation. The most common tracheal intubation is orotracheal intubation where, with the assistance of a laryngoscope, an endotracheal tube is passed through the mouth, larynx, and vocal cords, into the trachea. A bulb is then inflated near the distal tip of the tube to help secure it in place and protect the airway from blood, vomit, and secretions. Another possibility is nasotracheal intubation where a tube is passed through the nose, larynx, vocal cords, and trachea. Extubation is the removal of the tube. Endotracheal tube inserted [pic]

Choose two scenes from Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’ Essay

At the outset of this scene, we are able to ascertain due to the careful sculpturing of Shakespeare’s, that Lady Macbeth is a practical kind of women from what is emanated from her soliloquy, who is imbued with an aura of insecurity full of consternation for her husband’s dangerous ploy. She is ever weary of the â€Å"fatal bellman† who would signal the demise of her husband with the â€Å"stern’st goodnight† however here we can see the interwoven theme of death occurring with the allusion to the toll of the bell rung outside the cell of those condemned at Newgate Prison. This would also appeal to those in Jacobean times due to the current fixation with treason and the Gunpowder plot to eradicate the king, serving as a focusing device to grab the audience’s attention. As Lady Macbeth waits, the dramatic tension builds even once Macbeth enters the chamber, as he cries â€Å"who’s there?† At this point, she could be pacing the room, looking apprehensive also in the dark, which would further contribute to the effect when Macbeth enters trying to establish where she is. This would also serve in the general panic of the scene, as Lady Macbeth is held in suspense for the outcome of the murder, the audience focusing solely on her. Also in order to eliminate the need of special effects, this scene could be off stage until Lady Macbeth bursts in and meets Macbeth. The language used would add to the general confusion and tantalising suspense with Lady Macbeth and Macbeth trying to affirm what happened as succinctly as possible using words such as â€Å"when† and â€Å"how†, adding to the further dramatic tension caused from Macbeth’s return. Macbeth here is depicted as frightened, for case of arousing those who would sound the alarm, â€Å"hark† he cries. However as Macbeth tries to denigrate himself by saying â€Å"this is a sorry sight† reflecting on his hands we can see the bolstering of spirit by Lady Macbeth who dismisses it as a â€Å"foolish thought†. Here again as at the outset of the scene we can see Lady Macbeth’s practical character being manifested, which is also seen further on when she returns the daggers, the determination, which she exemplifies, is also seen in Act 1. Scene 5, where she pacifies Macbeth saying â€Å"leave all†¦ to me.† Macbeth by contrast is asphyxiated with the thought of sleep another theme invoked thought a characters actions, seen in this scene, as Macbeth’s feels due to his actions, he wont be able to sleep the â€Å"innocent sleep.† This theme is further emphasised by the repetition of â€Å"sleep no more†. Also religious issues are aroused disallowing him to say â€Å"Amen† which under the Divine Right Of Kings should be uttered freely. Due to his contravention of the Right, he is despised of the reverential features. These two features culminate to show the slow disarray of the psychological state in Macbeth in a gradual downward spiral in mental degradation as he tries to control his ways however is adamant to look on murder again â€Å"I dare not.† Lady Macbeth is then faced with returning the daggers, with residual feelings of vexation for Macbeth. She dismisses his excuse using a metaphor â€Å"are but as pictures† pertaining to the fact that his fears are figments of the imagination like someone in â€Å"childhood† really trying to humiliate Macbeth for who he is. Lady Macbeth uses words such as â€Å"gilt† and â€Å"grooms† which would infer a marital sense being eluded to in the breakdown of relationship and the overlaying of something new, however the words are used here in a negative sense. Despite Lady Macbeth’s plausible efforts to banish all evidence from their presence in taking the daggers back, she in fact relinquished herself with the killing of Duncan with the blood on her hands. We can see the effects later on in the play when she is sleep walking she cries â€Å"out damned spot† this could only point back to this scene, which is a turning point from which she never escapes, and Macbeth and Lady Macbeth almost amalgamate into one. Again we have in the latter part of this scene a knocking which not only is used as a dramatic device in a quiet scene but also as a â€Å"knell† to show from now on they must suffer the consequences for their actions. The stage would be dark and quiet with a loud muffled pounding on the door resonating throughout the stage, the audience being caught up in this climatic suspense, trying to emulate what the two were feeling. Not only do we have this dramatic device used but also the theme of blood further intimated to â€Å"wash this blood† would further magnify the overall tension. We can see further allusion to blood in Act 2. Scene 3, â€Å"badged with blood† which is a predominate theme running through this scene. As the knocking grows ever closer Lady Macbeth keeps her composure and is not shaken by the knocking she seeks to disembalm them from the murder she says â€Å"a little water† which would usually signify purity. This is an example of dramatic irony, in water being used to cleanse them from their part in this deed, despite the abhorrence of such sin in the sight of purity. She is a stark contrast in character portrayal to Macbeth who is fretting for fear of being found out along with the settling apprehension of what he’s done as he say’s of Duncan he would wake him â€Å"would thou could’st† portraying to the audience a change of mind within Macbeth who seeks to resurrect King Duncan however has to face the solemn fact he can’t. At the outset of this next scene I wish to look at we see Lady Macbeth and Macbeth for the first time depicted with their elevated social circle enjoying those with whom they associate with in a banquet to commemorate their regal status. Macbeth tries to paint this false faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade in an attempt to stop any animosity from being portrayed but then jeopardises his ploy at being the â€Å"humble host† a subtle use of alliteration, by using the word â€Å"play.† This would infer a temporal state pertaining to a change as we can see in the latter part of the scene. A theme of appearance and reality is intimated here due to Macbeth’s appearance being a complete inverse to his inner thoughts, in seeking to veto Banquo’s life yet trying to proclaim himself in an unostentatious way. Which also could be perceived as dramatic irony. Macbeth at this early stage in the scene is fairly composed, however we can observe a gradual change as he meets with the murders, he then asks if Banquo has been â€Å"Dispatched.† Shakespeare’s ingenious use of the word could allude to two things, which is also linked with Act 1. Scene 5. In this instance it is used ostensibly to discern whether Banquo has been killed, however it is used earlier in the play in the sense of being efficacious in the ploy of Lady Macbeth, as regards to the demise of Banquo. This initial part of the scene could be staged with Macbeth consulting with the murders, behind an opaque screen which the audience could see, but not those at table, alluring to the secrecy of the situation contrasting with the revelry going on round the table. This would also draw the audience’s attention away from the table focusing them on Macbeth who is the pivotal one in this scene. Macbeth’s innate fears are seen in his speech saying: â€Å"I’m cabined, cribbed, confined bound in to saucy doubts and fears† Macbeth has no consolation, he is alone in his distress without the help of his wife on whom he so heavily relied, floundering for what to do next. The use of alliteration would make it even more emphatic, like a caged animal who has no hope, and it is here we are able to discern the pressure amounting infused with a weakness of mind, heralding the decline in mental degradation. It is then we have the entrance of Banquo’s ghost, a dramatic device building up tension even before Macbeth notices. In a modern day theatre to resemble a ghost would be a lot easier than in the Jacobean times, due to exquisite special effects which would captivate a modern audience, than those in afore times. Due to the lack of equipment to super impose, a ghost possibly couldn’t have been staged save for some one dressing up, however today’s sophisticated lighting could produce a realistic effect which would further add to the aura of tension emanating from this scene. Whilst Macbeth is in a quandary about where to sit, he is trying to banish this horrific sight from his mind he cannot abstain from saying; â€Å"Never shake they gory locks at me†, he simply cant tolerate the image any longer, whether this arose from the â€Å"heat oppressed† brain it is ambiguous, however Macbeth is firmly convicted of this terrible apparition which has come to taunt him. It is here Lady Macbeth steps in dismissing his accusations as â€Å"very paintings of your fear†; we can see again the practical side co-insiding with the portrayal in Act 2. Scene 2, alluring to the fact she is the dominant one in their relationship trying to bolster Macbeth amidst such breakdown Another theme of blood is made manifest in Macbeth’s speech here and later on when Banquo’s ghost reappears â€Å"blood hath been shed†, however he is bemused using metaphorical language there is a ghost saying â€Å"The brains were out†¦then man would die†¦an end.† Macbeth fails to grasp the concept of raising an apparition once a person has died. This however is an allusion to the further submergence in mental ruination as Macbeth elapses further into an irreparable state of mind. The ghost then makes a second appearance, more dramatic tension, filling the audience with a further sense of fear building up to a crescendo when Macbeth confronts the ghost. However we also see some dramatic irony emanating from his speech as he uses animal imagery, â€Å"armed rhinoceroses.† This is quite strange, as animals would symbolise a harmonic state of things, where as the thing Macbeth is describing is of a total contrast, used to emphasis the detrimental sight of Banquo’s ghost. The scene then draws to a close, alluring to the Divine Right Of Kings, along with religious issues invoked â€Å"blood will have blood.† This would also link back to the old Hebraic saying â€Å"Man who lives by the word will die by the sword† Macbeth has slighted the ways of the universe, the equilibrium has been altered, â€Å"Stones have been known to move† the hierachery of the heavens has been changed by false means in the demise of Duncan. Macbeth will have to reap what is sowed linking back to Act 2. Scene 2. Also mystics are pertained to in Macbeth’s speech â€Å"Understood relations by maggot-pies†, who had premonitions for the future beholding it in birds. Also reference to biblical saying â€Å"dust to dust† could be pertained to by reference of â€Å"maggots† referring to earthen things and ultimately death, which Macbeth will have to face. This would really captivate the attention of those in Jacobean times more effectively than those of the modern day, as they believed the supernatural, Shakespeare integrating it to focus the audience on Macbeth. The scene culminates in a theme of sleep linking back to Act 2 Scene 2, in Macbeth thinking this is the root of this â€Å"self abuse† however he say’s â€Å"young in deed† would reflect his mentality that he has further obstacles to clear to stop them hampering his seemingly aspiring progress, despite such denigration.

Rainforests essays

Rainforests essays Rainforests are very dense, warm, wet forests that consist of two types: tropical and temperate. Tropical rainforests are found in 85 countries located near the equator, where temperatures stay above 80 degrees fahrenheit year round. Temperate rainforests, which are much younger and more scars than then tropical rainforests, are located in Canada, the United States, New Zealand, Tasmania, Chile, Ireland, Scotland and Norway. Rainforests are disappearing acres per minute and at the present rate of destruction, the rainforests will soon vanish completely. The consequences that we unknowingly face from the destruction of the rainforests are the loss of plant life, the loss of wildlife, and the loss of oxygen. Rainforests are havens for an amazing diversity of different plant species, many of which have not yet been discovered. Our daily dependence on the plant products of the rainforest is astounding. For instance, rubber, beautiful hardwoods, spices, essential oils, and fruits are a few products that come from the rainforests. All of these plants that we depend on are being killed off and will never return again. A large number of these plant species also have a high possibility of curing things like cancer, AIDS, and many of the other diseases and viruses that devastate the human race. If the rainforests disappear, so will most of the human population of the world. Rainforests are also home to a ridiculously large number of different animal species, including microscopic animals, invertebrates, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Over half of the worlds animal population lives in rainforests. Colorful and unusual animals dwell in all four strata zones of the forests. The top strata zone, the emergent, houses many birds and insects. The canopy strata zone is home to insects, birds, reptiles, mammals, and more. The under story and the forest floor are the two lower strata zones and are teeming with the remaining an...

Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic Essay Example for Free

Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic Essay Originally it was called British Atlantic Airways, later changed to Virgin Atlantic Airways. The first flight was from Gatwick to Netwark on the 22nd of June 1984 (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The company launched a ? 6 m advertising campaign in 2010, which was James Bond themed (Guardian, 2010). The new advertisement helped the company recover from the recession. Now I will examine how exactly it was achieved and what methods were used to obtain the best performance of the advertisement. 2) Target Market. Market segmentation is a way of separating the consumers into different sections by their shared needs and personalities (Leon. G, 2010, p. 28). The needs and values depend from person to person according to his culture (Leon. G, 2010, p. 366). The VALS (values and lifestyles) segmentation system clearly shows the type of audience this commercial is aiming at (Leon. G, pp. 84). This system divides consumers into eight distinctive subcategories, which consist of: thinkers, achievers, experiencers, believers, strivers and makers. The subcategories this advertisement will appeal to are: innovators because they are receptive to new technologies and who can experience the innovated technologies at a Virgin Atlantic flight; achievers because they are goal oriented consumers who like to display success to their piers, which they can display by flying Virgin Atlantic as it is high class airlines; experiencers because they like to spend their income on fashion, socializing and entertainment which Virgin Atlantic offers through great service, food, entertainment and their flights are considered as ‘trendy’. The social comparison theory states that the consumer with higher purchase ability tends to have a higher status; this is a proof why achievers like to spend on luxurious products and services (Leon. G, 2010, p. 338). This commercial appeals to all the five effective target-marketing segments (Leon. G, 2010, p. 73). It is identifiable as it clearly distinguishes the shared needs, age and gender of the consumer. The consumer is a businessman or career orientated workingwoman who prefers high-class service. The age would appeal to Generation Y that is born from 1980 and on wards (Leon. G, 2010, p. 410). The Generation Y spends 150 billion annually and is into innovation and luxury while Generation X is considered as ‘sophisticated’ group. Virgin Atlantic Airways allows children ages 5 and above to travel or should be accompanied by an adult (16+). Pets are accepted if they accompany a disabled person (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). 3) Service offered. The marketing mix shows what kind of service/product is offered by dividing the elements to: product, price, place and promotion (Leon. G, 2010, p. 58). The service being offered is not just a flight from one destination to another; it is an experience at a high-class level of the Virgin Atlantic flight where the costumer will be served at a high class, with security, entertainment and with maximum comfort. It is a high-involvement purchase, which requires considerate thought and cognitive process, as the price is high (Leon. G, 2010, p. 231). The flight can be purchased online or at a flight ticket office. The company offers promotion such as: flying club card, ticket sales and discount codes/vouchers (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The price and quality relationship the company has is low- price tickets in comparison with their competitors and with a high-class service. 4) Seasonality. The time of placing the advertisement is very important, as there are competing companies to take into consideration. The order effect research has shown that the advertisements presented first (primacy effect) and last (regency effect) has a greater effect on the consumer (Leon. G, 2010, p. 302). The release date was 26 October 2010, which was a great push to recovery from recession. British Airways and American Airlines are the biggest competitors. American Airlines released their commercial in May 2010, which had a primacy effect where as Virgin Atlantic Airlines gained a regency effect. The James Bond 007 Blood Stone video game was released on 5th of November 2010(IMDB, 2010). This shows that the commercial was released 10 days before the release date of the game. This strategy used by Virgin Atlantic is a very clever marketing move, as their advertisement is James Bond themed and during that period of time all sorts of media (TV, newspapers, online, word of mouth and billboards) had James Bond game advertisements. Virgin Airlines got increased attention to their advertisement by publishing their advertisement at time coinciding with Blood Stone’s release. 5) Positioning the commercial. The advertisement is transmitting through mass media as well as through new (non traditional) media (Leon. G, 2010, pp. 294-296). The commercial is played on TV where it addresses wide range of consumers (i. e. via mass media) and through YouTube where it is addressable and interactive, while response – measurable. It was also played during the flights on the Virgin Atlantic TV channel where it exclusively targets its audience (i. e. via target media). 6) Reason for the commercial. The consumer behavior consists of searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, disposing of products and services that in their belief will fulfill their wants (Leon. G, 2010, p. 23). The commercial was created in order to persuade and make aware the audience of the fact that the service being offered by the airlines is luxurious, entertaining and high-class, to convince that this kind of service will satisfy there needs. ) Perception. â€Å"Perception is defined as the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the world. †(Leon. G, 2010, p. 175) This advertisement appeals to emotional motives, which are affection, status and pride in this case (Leon. G, 2010, p. 110). The advertisements mood is sexually charged and is putting the buyer into a state of excitement by: James Bond themed music and graphics, illustrations of high-class adventure and good-looking actors in the commercial. Abraham Maslow created the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which identifies the five basic levels of human needs (Maslow, 1987). The advert is aiming to satisfy all the five needs of the potential consumer. Egoistic needs will be satisfied during the flight on these airlines, as it is illustrated as a prestigious flight. Egoistic needs include the need of good reputation, status and recognition from others, which advert convinces that the consumer will have, if he/she chooses Virgin Atlantic Airways. Need of Self-Actualization will be satisfies as shown in the advert, by flying on this flight the customer will feel self-actualized by getting high-class service which he/she deserved or earned themselves. Social Needs are to be satisfied by communication with good-looking staff. The Virgin Atlantic cabin crew was voted as the most attractive staff in the whole world by the surveys of travelers (Daily mail, 2011). Richard Branson has always stated that the appearance of the flight crew must be important in order make the customers enjoy a memorable flight. Cabin staff of Virgin Atlantic Airlines are told that: ‘You’ll be the face of the airline. As such, your grooming should always be immaculate – even after a long, tiring flight’ (Daily mail, 2011). As flying on an airplane has a small risk of security, the advert is aiming to convince that their flight is safe and is a pleasant experience where there is nothing to worry about. Physiological needs will be satisfied by the high-class food and beverage service that would be offered during the flight by good-looking staff. Air and shelter will also be present, as the designed with up to date technology. This commercial is aimed at visual consumers that prefer and take information better through visual images or messages as sources of information (Leon. G, 2010, p. 147). While watching the Virgin Atlantic advertisement repetitively on TV or Online passive learning is occurring and it changes the consumer’s attitude regarding the product (Leon. G, 2010, p. 232). The theme message delivered through this advert is: ‘Your airline’s either got it or it hasn’t’. There is a message resonance in the wording, which adds a bit of humor to it and will make the viewer remember the commercial (Leon. G, 2010, p. 301). The theme message has comparative advertising technique to it where Virgin makes the viewer compare their airlines to Virgin Atlantic (Leon. G, 2010, p. 303). The sexiness in advertising is present in order to grab the attention of the viewer (Leon. G, 2010, p. 308). The hostesses are wearing short dresses in red color and the man who is passing the security check hasn’t got underwear on. Virgin is trying to show that their flights are ‘sexy’. This technique tries to show the security the airlines provide (angel like). The flight team is very good looking and is walking with self-assurance, which adds confidence to the image of the company. The runway lines and the red carpet represents the luxurious service. | | Transition from the safety demonstration to the airplane saloon is done without editing cuts, which is very eye-catching. | | The shot of people sitting around of a pool of martini and playing with the olive, which represents entertainment, beverage and luxury the airlines offer to their customers. 9) Buying process. â€Å"The consumer decision making can be viewed as three distinct but interlocking stages: the input stage, the process stage and the output stage†(Leon. G, 2010, p. 36). This advertisement is designed in order to influence the input and process stage in order to make the consumer come to the output stage. This advert influences and increases the consumer’s recognition of the service ne ed. The information is delivered to the consumers through the marketing efforts of the commercial, which will influence not only media but also word of mouth marketing. The Psychoanalytical Theory of Personality created by Sigmund Freud explains the drivers of the output stage (Leon. G, 2010, pp. 137-139). According to Freud’s theory this commercial will affect superego and id to make the purchase. The superego will be gratified when purchasing this service because he/she will become socially and fashionably acceptable, as Virgin Atlantic flight is ‘trendy’. Id will be gratified if the consumer will make the purchase because the airlines offer the basic requirements such as food, shelter and security. The consumer will make a trial or a repeat purchase when buying this service (Leon. G, 2010, p. 497). The consumer might be new to the company or be a frequent loyal customer. 10) Involvement levels and risk perception. Involvement is a very important factor in how much attention is paid to the message sent to the viewer and how it is understood. There are different ways to measure the involvement of the viewer. There are two ways of involvement, high-risk and low-risk purchases. The higher the risk, the higher the involvement and research will be. The flight purchase is a low-involvement product and consumers prefer congruent context of the message delivered (Leon. G, 2010, p. 293). The mood of the consumer is very important, if he/she is in a bad mood, the content of the commercial might cause a bad reaction of the viewer. Psychological noise may be distracting the viewer from the commercial and the advertisement has contrast in the imagery in order to keep the viewers attention. 11) Conclusion. The advertisement created by the Virgin Atlantic airlines in my opinion was successful . The James Bond theme imageries and soundtrack had a great impact on the effectiveness of the commercial. Every time the consumer will watch James Bond movie or play a James Bond game, the commercial will subconsciously come to their mind and the other way around. The time it was released was perfect, as they needed a push to get out from the recession. The commercial had a bit too much sex advertisement in it, which may led to worse effect tan could have achieved and made the competitors (American Airlines) stand out more, as they had a touching TV commercial that gave gratitude to the men in uniform, veterans and their families. Sexual advertising may distract the consumer’s attention from the message content being sent. This technique may have a little influence on the buyers purchasing intentions and a risk of spoiling the image of the company. This advert is targeting businessman, but there is the family audience with children and generation X, which they are risking of loosing. The commercial is based mostly on emotions and only in one short scene the viewer can see the seats with the monitors. The saloons, seats and the exact food of Virgin Atlantic Airlines are not shown, but they are very important to be shown, as the consumer wants to see the comfort he/she will have during the flight. The fact that the advertisement shows a man being tucked into a cloud and not airplane seat could make an impression that the airlines are hiding something and their seats are not good enough to be shown in the advertisement. This advertisement could have been improved by focusing the viewer’s attention much more on the design of the saloon, comfortable seats and delicious food. Nonetheless, overall this was a very well executed and effective advertisement with successfully reached hearts and minds of customer. Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic. (2018, Oct 18).

Juxtapositions of the modern and the archaic Essay

Juxtapositions of the modern and the archaic - Essay Example It was extremely absurd; when his aunt continuously corrected him to be addressing respectable black man by the initials, Mr. Her aunt told him that he should address them by the name nigger. This went on until young children got used to addressing black people as Negros. White men held rituals that showed respect and affection to maintain the impression of personal relationship that never existed. Black men used the initials Mr. once addressing a white man and Miss to a woman (Ayers 100). This never happened when white people were addressing black people as they addressed them rather by their names, which was a sign of disrespect. Black women did not have the privilege of having the initials Mrs by their names but instead assumed the name of an â€Å"aunt† prior their first names. Black men’s address was Negros, which mostly was evident in the newspapers or just as two boys were killed. It was not customary for the two races to shake hands or socialize in public beside s black men to removing their hats in public places especially those meant for the whites, but white people did not remove hats in homes owned by black people. There were days that were set aside for black people to shop and socialize. Saturday was set aside for black people to shop and socialize thus white people did not go to towns. ... Many white and black people tried to create a humane relationship even though hate and dislike characterized the then atmosphere in the atmosphere. The whites believed that being kind to the old and respectable blacks was a sign of strong character. Rituals that revealed race relationship normally marked the Christmas holiday. Southern blacks celebrated Christmas as a moment of white giving gifts to the blacks and offering freedoms. However, the ritual went on fading, and it only remained in some plantations (Ayers 102). This practice remained in some parts since the white people deemed that black people were naturally beggars. This annoyed the white people as blacks begged from morning to evening. Besides, black Negroes demonstrated that there were laws in Christmas. They could move around the streets making jokes and shouting since they recognized themselves as equals to white people. When black people had nobody else to turn to, they sought help from the white people. They begged for bread and others edible stuffs during Christmas, though some could resolve to toil for themselves. For illustration, there was woman left by  the   husband, and he had to borrow food for Christmas. His husband who fled with another woman left her, and she worked all day long to provide for his family. There are laws, which barred or discouraged rural urban - race relations. Sectors like rural roads, cotton grins and stores; there was no evidence of segregation. Anglers and hunters respected laws and rules as long they were fair regardless of law. White and black men used to work together in these sectors besides seen around fireplaces while women cooked from the same kitchen,

Business Ethics - Disussion Questions Case Study

Business Ethics - Disussion Questions - Case Study Example ork ethics will be formulated with an emphasis on loyalty and respect, a workable agreement on fair dealings, built trust, well-informed decisions on values rather than beliefs among other features. It will be important to therefore study, understand the country with its cultures and beliefs, and interact with the societies in order to deploy better relationships with the environment. The trans-cultural integrated ethical decision-making entails the aspects of addressing the need for including cultural factors in the process of ethical dilemma resolution. This trans-cultural model incorporates well-defined concepts from multicultural theories into ethical decision-making models that can be adapted primarily from an integrated model deployed. This approach is presented in a format that can be used by counselors facing ethical challenges within a variety of settings and within different cultural groups (De, 2012). The benefits of developing a transcultural corporate ethic entail the aspect of improving the welfare of a society and the interests of the organization. The social responsibility in organizations will also be improved and this will enhance the course of an organization. The management has within its power the capacity to develop a transcultural corporate ethics. They have the ability to also strive to develop a strategy that embodies a jointly developed transcultural virtues, with this virtues forming a common bond through all cultural difference. It is, therefore, important to understand that profits and ethics are essential elements in the process of evaluating an organizations activity. During profits major on showing organizations results from a quantitative viewpoint, ethics also reflects the quality of these results. In relation to this study, total is a gas company that competes with the Shell group with both being gas companies. Shell group amongst other things provides that all people should at all costs avoid conflicts of interests between

The KFC Business Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The KFC Business Model - Essay Example From 1900-1924, Sanders held a variety of jobs. In 1930, in the midst of the depression, Sanders opened his first restaurant in the small front room of a gas station in Corbin, Kentucky. Sanders served as a station operator, chief cook, and cashier. He named the dining area "Sanders Court & Cafà ©." In 1936, Kentucky Governor Ruby Laffoon made Sanders an honorary Kentucky Colonel in recognition of his contributions to the cuisine of the state. The pressure cooker was introduced. Colonel Sanders began using it to fry his chickens to give customers fresh chickens faster. 1940 was the birthdate of the original recipe.The Colonel began franchising his chicken business in 1952 by traveling from town to town and cooking batches of chicken for restaurant owners and employees. The Colonel awarded Pete Harman of Salt Lake City with the first KFC franchise. A handshake agreement stipulated a payment of a nickel to Sanders for each chicken sold. Sanders sold his interest in the U.S. company fo r $2 million to a group of investors headed by John Y. Brown Jr., future governor of Kentucky. The Colonel remained as a public spokesman for the company. In 1966, the KFC went public. KFC was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1969. More than 3,500 franchised and company-owned restaurants were in worldwide operation when Heublein Inc. acquired KFC Corporation in 1971. On 16 December 1980, Colonel Harland Sanders, who came to symbolize quality in the food industry, died of leukemia. Flags in all Kentucky state buildings fly at half-staff for four days. PepsiCo, Inc. acquired KFC from RJR Nabisco, Inc. In 1997 PepsiCo, Inc. announced the spin-off of its quick service restaurants - KFC, Taco Bell and Pizza Hut - into Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. In 2002, Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., the worlds largest restaurant company, changed its corporate name to YUM! Brands, Inc.

Completing Thesis: A Reflective Statement

Completing Thesis: A Reflective Statement Normally I set date to start my assignments am not a person who starts things earlier and finish it earlier, I set a time to start up things but anyway I finish my work on time. But after the last day of my dissertation advice session I start working on my thesis from that day. In the dissertation advice session the information given to complete the reflective analysis was major cause which helped me in to make my reflective report successfully. That daily dairy idea not only helps me in this project but also for normal activities of my life I started noting some important things. To complete the thesis I worked practically by talking to lot of people and I did studied lot of books, journals and internet materials and some thesis which is written by some one relates to topic. t took me almost 2 months to finish this thesis with all my hard work involved in it. When I started doing a thesis I found it difficult as I never did research like this as my previous education is based on exams and question and answer session. But this is the first time I am doing a project with lot of field work and lot of time I spend for understand the logistics management and the challenges faced by them. When I started doing this project I was not guided by any one and I was blank. Because I dont know what to write and how to start. Then I felt like going slowly to understand the topic first. What the topic says and what are the challenges faced by the apparel industry in logistics market. As one of my friends directed me what thesis is and what is the solution we should find for the topic. Which is set by the university. Before working for project I started collecting informations like articles, journals, websites and books related to supply chain management and logistics. Group discussion held after the advice session was useful that I come to know about the opinions and ideas of my group mates which was different from one another and was very useful. Every day colleagues came with several ideas which were followed by all the members of the group. But after meeting several people and after getting lot of information about the topic and different answer from different people and different book and journal says different things about the logistics world. It was bit confusing to start with but by setting a time limit to myself to write what I learned every three days. At the end of the month I saw what I wrote after 3 days. Then I consolidate it as a report. These are my basic step I took to start a thesis. But I find difficult in finding the information practically which is meeting the apparel industry managers and staff. As I find hard to get appointments to get information and the information they provide is not fulfilled my questions. But still I did not lose the hope. I did lot of try at last in few stores like Zara in Croydon high street and M S in Guildford had a good response to my entire question. I would like to state few of the answers provided by the managers in Zara, MS and few more stores. As I had several question relating to the topic. I went to Zara, Next and MS apparel stores to find out their logistics performance. First one I went is Zara in Croydon high street surrey. Were I found good information about their logistics strategy and the manager of the store started out by saying the apparel manufacturers and retailers mantra for the new millennium? Speed to market. Its the last leg of the right product, right market, right time race and its all about logistics. And he told the companies started concentrating and started investing heavily on investing on logistics as it is the back bone of the fashion industry. If I say you my personal opinion Zara logistics performance is excellent as it is vertical integration to ensure control over supply chain, and proximity. Zaras centralized distribution facility gives the chain a competitive advantage by minimizing the lead-time of their goods. Zaras internally or externally produced merchandise goes to the distribution centre. This is cost-effective due to the close proximities of the distribution centre in Arteixo and their factories in Coruà ±a. In the distribution centre, products are inspected and immediately shipped, since Zaras distribution centre is a place where merchandise is moved rather than stored. Then, to increase delivery speed, the shipments are scheduled by time zones and shipped by way of air, and land. The typical delivery time within and outside Europe is between 24 to 48 hours. It was an informative session I had in the Zara store and I was amazed with their logistics performance and the lead time to the shelf is best than all other brand. Like M S and Next lead time is longer than Zara lead time and these brands are horizontally integrated. But I found there is a disadvantage in vertical integration which I asked this question to a M S store in Guildford, Surrey. Zaras strategy also creates some weaknesses. Their vertical integration has more Advantages than drawbacks but it is important to recognize its limitations. Vertical integration often leads to the inability to acquire economies of scale, which means they cannot gain the advantages of producing large quantities of goods for a discounted rate. Higher costs are then incurred for the Inditex Corporation. Inditex also has to support their own high capital investments for their chains and be able to financially back their Technology and skills beyond those currently available within the organization. Zaras speedy and recurrent introduction of new products incurs increased costs as well. They have higher research and development costs. They also have elevated costs due to the constant changeover of production techniques to create their different apparel lines. That also means that employees must be trained in order to use the new manufacturing techniques, which again leads to increased costs. Traditional retailers do not experience higher costs in all of these areas. I found lot of information from local shopper till the managers about the logistics performance of lot of the apparel market like TK Maxx, Self Fridge, John Lewis and more. The outcome all are finishing at the end is right product at the right time and reducing the lead time to the shelf is always challenging to the logistics market. During my collection of information I came across some problem, I shifted from Luton to London in the beginning instance I find difficult in searching books and other related journals, but by the advice given by one of my friend I came to know libraries nearby it helped me in collecting information. I made a timetable for myself every week and worked according to it. Mostly I go to libraries and collect informations during day and after I return home I took rest for myself for some hours and then go through the information collected by me on that day and will take notes for my thesis. Once unfortunately I got a call from one of my elder cousin who is working in dubai and when he asked me about my studies I told him that am working for my project and by saying him the topic he gave me phone numbers of some persons who working in logistics sector. The information which was collected by me through phone from logistics managers who are working for ETA groups in middle east countries gave me a detail idea about the challenges which their company face and it was useful for me to research on the basis what exactly affecting apparels. From the day I started working whoever I meet I just put them my dissertation question and take note of the points given by them. For getting additional information and opinions of people I questioned them and comment their ideas and opinion in between which makes them to give answer and which helps me in theoretical argument. This is where the stage I taught myself how to approach people in collecting information and getting ideas. Each person tell their views what challenges their company face and I came to know that some challenges which are major in some countries are not a big problems in other countries. So then I started my work focus on different countries challenges in port and other clearing process. Then I realised that my ability to research on a issue was improving and I felt much confident. Previously while working for my assignments I compromise if I didnt get certain information. But I felt that compromise doesnt wins an argument, so I was very much strict in what I want and I didnt used any substituent if I couldnt get information related . I tried and kept pressure on myself to finding things what is needed for me in completing successful thesis. I find some difficulty in working during weekends after returning from my work. So entirely in the first month I couldnt able to work for my project during week days. Later I realised that am wasting time and even started working on weekends. This two and half month I heard many people saying even the person who talks with me in phone says your quite reserved than before. This is because my minds always think about the project that i need to submit and most of my words I had with my friends were about my project. Normally I am a talkative guy in nature but this time span made me and showed me a person who listens more than speak. I believe that this field work made me to think and act rather than before. Now I do started following the quote plan and implement. I even feel my patience was more than before. I even watched some short videos in Google and YouTube and some of the interview posted by people related to logistics and supply chain management as it was in a visualisation mode It helps me more in understanding the concepts and I made it as my hobby whenever I feel bored i use to watch songs but after starting my project I started watching videos related to logistics. It also took me in interesting way and motivated to watch more videos of such type. After collecting information from different ways like media, books, magazine, newspaper, journals, internet and meeting several professional and non-professional people I came to a understand a change in supply chain strategy and the current supply chain strategy in rapidly developing market. I couldnt able to be in contact with my group members often as am far from them so most of my time with them were in phone and I too asked suggestions and gave them suggestions in finding information. And there was a huge difference in the way of working for project among my group mates and the incidents and experience which we shared was useful for us in going to find more information. To make my work more easier in finding resources I even spoke with some seniors colleagues who finished their masters successfully they told about their time span spend for finishing the thesis and problems faced by them this made me aware to get rid of some problems which I may face in finding and working for data collection. I even quote a line for myself while going through data collection. That suggestion can be asked from everyone but decision should be decided only by my own. I felt there was one mistake which I made in this project work is I collected and take notes not in unique order that I should do my project .i mixed notes and it was quite difficult for me to arrange and make it. I get tensed several times because I was not confident and proper and was in a dilemma in making paragraph. I doubt myself which I need to mention first and follow other things. But quietly I came on it and did that accordingly in my best way. When I finished my theses I felt much happy that I havent felt happy like this when I finish my normal assignments. I believe that the effort I insert for this project in double the time which I work for assignments. After collecting information from different ways like media, books, magazine, news paper, journals, internet and meeting several professional and non- profession people. I come to a understand a change in supply chain strategy and the current supply chain strategy in rapidly developing market. But after collectively found some information about the topic I put myself in the place of a logistics manager and what will I do if I face this problem. I put myself in lot of question. This I thought because I felt like after my studies I have to face all the challenges and question I am thinking currently. I thought I will inter relate my questions and the challenges faced in my thesis which I did and more over this thesis made me think as a manager for a logistics apparel firm and it put me in a confident that I am capable of taking decision and I am capable of managing a logistics firm and I come to know what are the challenges and what are the disadvantage currently facing by the logistics operation. What is jazz? What is jazz? What is jazz? This question has been debated throughout the 20th Century, as jazz has proven difficult to define. The dictionary definition of Jazz states jazz as â€Å"a genre of music that originated in African-American communities around the late 19th – early 20th century†. Regarding its musical features, jazz relies heavily on the use of improvisation and syncopation as well as incorporating elements such as blue notes and poly-rhythms. The birth of jazz into Americas multicultural society has led many to believe that Jazz in one of Americas pristine art forms, parallel to the western classical tradition in Europe. But does this make jazz an American way of creating music, and therefore Americas classical music? This assumption leads to questions about identity and race as a social construct. Jazz emerged as an indigenous form of music that reflected the American ideal of the individuals freedom of expression. However throughout its discourse, jazz has continually evolved from casual improvisations into a set of musical elements that can characterize and define each classical style. However each new classical jazz style carried emerging ideas of ethnic black identity as a sub cultural crisis point. For example, the Blues period was a reflection of slavery, dixie jazz was an early reflection of crayol life and swing represented the commercialisation of black musicians. This implied the idea that jazz music was a reflection of race which articulated African American feelings and thoughts of the socio-political injustices of the time into the music. It is this struggle for identity and equality that in many ways, suggests jazz is a metaphor for the American idea of democracy. However the introduction of jazz to the black community was initially seen by the white as transgressive. It gave the black community emancipation from race, but not an emancipation of race. In essence, jazz created black people who spoke like middle class white people. This subverted their ethnic identities, which created a new socio-ethnic black stereotype, allowing the black man a redefined status. This led to many artists such as Dizzie Gillespie to create a new black intellectual image, as the social boundaries began to break down. Yet it could also be argued that this merely replaced one stereotyping with another. As jazz became more popular, white jazz bands such as the Benny Goodman Orchestra (1935-1939) began to emerge. However, music critic/poet LeRoi Jones saw problems with appropriating jazz. As a champion of the African-American population, he believed that black music belonged to black people. He saw white jazz musicians as thiefs that steal music from black people. How can jazz be seen as Americas classical music if America is divided on its appropriation? However, over time this view changed. Some 50 years later, jazz arguably transformed from a single, guarded expression of the consciousness of African Americans to a national music. This identity of jazz emerged in 1987, when the 100th congress of the U.S.A recognized jazz as â€Å"a national treasure to which we should devote our attention, support and resources to make certain it is preserved, understood and promulgate† (Price 2003, 1). This was a unique American phenomenon which appropriated jazz as a national symbol. Jazz historian/critic Grover Sales book Jazz: America’s Classical Music (1984) initiated this discussion of jazzs importance a few years earlier. The main proposition in the book was that jazz was a serious form of music that should be regarded as equally important as Western classical music, despite its differences. In 2001, the same statement was made in Ken Burns documentary Jazz (2001) by trumpeter Wynton Marsalis. This started another debate as to whether jazz should be perceived as Americas classical music or whether jazz and classical music should remain separate. On the one hand, jazzs emergence as a form of popular music in the United States, like classical music was performance orientated, with jazz schools such as the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) formed in Chicago, 1965. This association, much like a conservatoire aimed to give young African-American jazz tutelage. As a genre, jazz music has also evolved through different forms, levels of complexity, literacy and excellence. Because of this, it shared many similarities with classical music. It is also argued that, like the classical music of other cultures, jazz has been time tested. In the early 20th century; it became a standard and a model, later established value and most of all was native to the African-American culture. A culture which, echoed its struggles, decade by decade through music. Jazz serves, in a sense, as a musical mirror, reflecting how not only the African-American jazz community saw themselves at different times in their history, but als o how society portrayed them, for example in the way Hollywood movies portray the 1920’s and 30’s using the jazz of those decades to underscore the pictures. Trumpeter and composer Wynton Marsalis, believed in promoting the appreciation of both Classical and Jazz music. Born in 1961, Marsalis career progressed from teacher, to music educator, becoming Artistic Director of Jazz at Lincoln Center in New York City, winning nine Grammys in both genres in the process. But despite his talent, critics opposed Marsalis views. Scott Yanow criticized his â€Å"selective knowledge of jazz history† and that he considers â€Å"post-1965 avant-garde playing to be outside of jazz and 1970s fusion to be barren. Marsalis was also criticized for pressing his opinions as producer and on-screen commentator in the Ken Burns documentary Jazz (2001). The documentary focused primarily on legends Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong, presenting jazz as a lineage of great men and as Americas classical music. Marsalis also covered the years 1920–1965 more than later decades, and almost disregarded 1970 jazz completely. In response to the film, music journalist David Adler wrote, Wyntons coronation in the film is not merely biased. It is not just aesthetically grating. It is unethical, given his integral role in the making of the very film that is praising him to the heavens. Grover Sales opinion in 1984 supported Marsalis view, but he too was also criticised. Emmett price, associate professor of music and one of the worlds leading experts on African-American music, opposed Sales saying; â€Å"There is nothing classical about jazz. Classical implies static, non-changing; a relic frozen in time. J azz has never been static, non-changing or frozen. (Price 2003, 1). Prices interpretation is questionable, as the idea of classical music as a relic frozen in time is controversial, however his point about jazz being the opposite of this is hard to disagree with. The genre of jazz has been constantly evolving through the decades, with the emergence of fusion as a hybrid musical form. Can any classical genres, such as music from the Romantic period be described as a hybrid form to the same level as fusion is to jazz? Immediately there is difficulty classifying jazz as a classical music. Jazz is a constantly changing art-form that nowadays refers to new and evolving genres (such as acid jazz, punk jazz in the 90s). Arguably, the idea that jazz is never finished evolving challenges Sales 1984 claim of it being a form of classical music. The word classical implies a level of unchanging, solidarity, so is it appropriate to label the ever-changing jazz climate as classical music?